2004-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/700367摘要：本計劃以《老子》一書開始探索古人心智之〝認知圖式〞。在語言與思維的密切關聯下，藉著分析古代著述之語文去挖掘古人內心的〝認知圖式〞，而「《老子》五千言潔淨精微」，其操作語文的獨特方式強烈的呼喚著我們以之為研究起點，因為，本計劃之語文分析重點不在〝說什麼〞而在〝如何說〞，不在〝論述內容〞而在〝運作方式〞。而《老子》「弱之勝強，柔之勝剛」、「明道若昧，進道若退」、「知者不博，博者不知」種種「正言若反」的論述方式則強烈的透露其〝由正而反〞、〝以反為正〞的認知圖式。 而〝認知圖式〞亦將有助釐清《老子》成書、版本與注疏上之相關問題。因為〝認知圖式〞理應貫穿在思考、創作、書寫、閱讀、記憶、理解、詮釋、注疏與傳播種種活動中，因此，不同時代的《老子》版本與詮釋應將有助於掌握《老子》書之〝認知圖式〞。反過來說，〝認知圖式〞的觀點亦將建立起諸種活動的關聯性，從而有助我們理解與解決不同版本與不同注疏間之同異關係，為《老子》研究開拓出嶄新的視野。 <br> Abstract: “Cognitive scheme” is a very important topic of modern academic research concerning the mentality of the human being. How does the human being get to know the Universe and everything in it? How do we think deeply about the questions of living in it? How do we communicate our own thinking and concepts? And how do these cause the ideology of our culture? All the above mentioned questions would have a relationship with the mystery hiding in our heart. Cognitive psychology brings up the “cognitive scheme” that covers all the cognitive questions through observation, questionnaires, discussions and experiments. However, how should we face the ancient culture? This is a challenge that is worth a try. This proposal starts with the book “Lao Tzu”, exploring the human being in ancient times concerning the “cognitive scheme” of their mentality. Because of the close connection between language and thinking, using the language of ancient writing to dig out the thinking of old timers’ “cognitive scheme”, the book “Lao Tzu” that contains 5000 characters would be a great start to do this kind of research because of its special way of writing. The point of the analysis is not “what to say” but “how to say it”, not “the content” but “the written form”. "Straightforward words seem backwards" mode of expression expressed strongly the cognitive scheme. And this cognitive scheme would help to solve the problems of varies editions and commentaries of this book. Since the cognitive scheme should be the center of the book of thinking, writing, creating ideas, reading, memorizing, understanding, notation and commentary, so the different editions of “Lao Tzu” would help to master the cognitive pattern of it. On the contrary, the point of view about the “cognitive scheme” would help us to understand and to solve the problems of different editions and notations of the book, so that we will help developing a totally new view of the research of the book “Lao Tzu”.老子認知圖式語言語文運作意識型態名實符號Lao Tzucognitive schemelanguageuse of the languageideologyming-shisign