Huang, Shih YiShih YiHuangRUEY-BEEI WU2023-04-202023-04-202022-01-012169-3536https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/630382Environmental factors affect the Received Signal Strength (RSS) so the received data exhibit random propagation characteristics, such as fading and shadowing effects. This study proposes a Direction of Arrival (DoA) module for the Search and Rescue (SaR) or anti-drone applications, which uses patch antennas and a rat-race coupler as the receivers. An angular estimation is presented for WiFi positioning, using optimally placed DoA antennas and a pseudo-inverse algorithm. The experiment is performed in a university campus with the device under test (DUT) as the transmitter. Using four DoA antennas as receivers at the corners of a 100m times 100text{m} region, the mean positioning deviation is about 2m, which is 2% of the region. The confidence range for the estimated positions is also calculated.Optimal DoA placement | rat-race coupler | search and rescue | Wi-Fi positioning[SDGs]SDG11journal article10.1109/ACCESS.2022.31830942-s2.0-85132691120WOS:000831053600001https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85132691120