LUO LUChang T.-TKao S.-F.2022-04-262022-04-26202110181601https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121469919&doi=10.6226%2fNTUMR.202112_31%283%29.0001&partnerID=40&md5=8bc39a2d40e8b160a383b47d51142a92https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/607958From the perspective of gender role orientation, we examined the joint interactive effects of gender role orientation and biological sex on the work and family interface. We conducted a two-wave survey involving 276 employees working in different organizations of diverse industries across Taiwan. After controlling for traditional gender role values, we found significant three-way interactions (sex × gender role orientation × family responsibility) in predicting the bidirectional work and family conflict. Specifically, for men, high femininity strengthened the positive relationships between family responsibility and work-to-family conflict as well as between family responsibility and family-to-work conflict. For women, however, it was low femininity that strengthened the same sets of relationships. Our findings suggest that certain types of non-traditional gender identities (e.g. men endorsing high femininity traits and women endorsing low femininity traits) increase the adjustment challenges for both sexes, especially in a transitional society. Researchers should recognize the differences between the individual's socially prescribed gender role and his/her psychological gender identity, so as to have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of men's and women's lived experiences on the work and family interface. Copyright ? 2021 by the College of Management, National Taiwan University. All rights reserved.GenderGender role orientationSexWork/family conflictWork/family demands[SDGs]SDG5[SDGs]SDG10journal article10.6226/NTUMR.202112_31(3).00012-s2.0-85121469919