陳榮河臺灣大學:土木工程學研究所陳奕豪2007-11-252018-07-092007-11-252018-07-092004http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/50527摘要 降雨入滲會改變邊坡之不飽和特性,造成坡體之破壞;同時,由於不飽和土壤相關理論在近二十年來逐漸發展成熟,已可廣泛應用在現地不飽和邊坡穩定性之評估。因此,本研究針對瑞芳侯硐地區之土石流源頭處進行研究,探討邊坡之不飽和特性與降雨入滲行為,以分析民國89年象神颱風造成候硐地區土石流災害起動原因,以期進而對土石流發生特性有所了解。 本研究主要分為室內試驗與程式分析兩部分,室內試驗乃針對侯硐地區大粗坑之土石材料,進行飽和三軸試驗、不飽和三軸試驗與土壤水分特性試驗,以瞭解其土石材料特性;再將試驗結果與前人研究(各土石流源頭處)進行討論與比較。邊波穩定分析則針對瑞芳侯硐地區,利用STABL程式,對降雨入滲進行模擬,以了解現地之災變過程等。 試驗結果顯示,大粗坑土樣之剪力強度其參數,其有效凝聚力c’=0,而有效摩擦角ψ’=43.2°,而大粗坑土樣在不飽合狀態下,其剪力強度提升十分有限,其不飽和剪力強度參數ψb介於1.4°~3.5°,與基質吸力呈非線性關係,主要原因是應為其細粒料含量很少所致,另外大粗坑土樣之保水能力不佳,故在低基質吸力時,其水分已大量流失,所以土體在高低基質吸力下,土壤之含水量變化不大。 而在邊波穩定分析結果方面,以STABL分析昇升幅坑邊坡之穩定性,發現到昇福坑邊坡平時安全係數就偏低(FS=1.28),且降雨對邊坡之安全因數之影響十分顯著,當降雨入滲達11.5m時,邊坡之安全因數就很接近1,且可能滑動面都集中在邊坡上端,這與實際之破壞情形大致符合。Abstract The theory of unsaturated soil has developed completely in the past twenty years, and it can extensively apply to evaluate the stability of unsaturated slope. Furthermore, the unsaturated soil properties are very much affected by the infiltration of rainwater. The study area in the Houtong area located Rueifang in Taipei County. The contents of this research include two parts: laboratory tests and numerical analyses. The tests conducted include isotropically consolidated undrained triaxial (CIU) test, soil-water characteristic curve test, consolidated drained triaxial (CD) test on unsaturated soil sample, etc. The analyses simulate the process of infiltration utilizing STABL computer programs. As a result, the effective cohesion (c’) and the effective angle of friction are determined as 0 and 43.2°, respectively, according to the tests of soil samples from Datsu Greek. The intensity of stress of the soil increases slightly under the unsaturation condition. The unsaturated soil parameter (fb) ranges from 1.4° to 3.5° and has the nonlinear relationship with the suction of the substrate because of the few content of the fine sandy. In addition, the ability of water maintain of the soil sample from Datsu Greek is poor. Most water would flow out in the condition of low suction of the substrate. Therefore, the water content in the soil varies slightly at low suction of the substrate. Moreover, the stabilization of the side slope is analyzed by STABL. The safety coefficient of the side slope is low with the value of Fs =1.28. Furthermore, the effect of the rainfall is significant to the safety factor of the side slope. The safety factor of the side slope is close to one while the penetration of the rainfall reaches 11.5 m. The slip level is mainly focus to the top of the side slope, which is consistent to the real situation of destruction in situ.目錄 誌謝………………..……………………....……………...………………..………....I Abstract………..………………………………………………………………….…..II 摘要……………………….....……………………...……..……………….………. III 目錄……………….….…………..………….…………………………..…….…... .IV 表目錄………..….………………………...…………………………………..…... VII 圖目錄………………………….…………..…………….……………………….....IX 照片目錄………...………………….………………………………………..….....XII 第一章 緒論……………...……….……………………………………………….....1 1.1 前言..………………………………………………………..…...1 1.2 研究區域之災害歷史………………………….………….….....1 1.3 研究方法與內容…………………………..……………...…......2 第二章 文獻回顧……………..………………………………………………………...4 2.1 不飽和土壤之微觀特性與剪力強度理論………….………..…...4 2.1.1 不飽和土壤之組成……………..……………..………...4 2.1.2 土壤之保水特性……...……..……………….…………..6 2.1.2.1 土壤吸力與基質吸力量測………………………6 2.1.2.2 土壤水分特性曲線……………………………….8 2.1.3 不飽和土壤之剪力強度理……………………………10 2.1.3.1 不飽和土壤之應力狀態………………………10 2.1.3.2 不飽和土壤之剪力強度定義….……………12 2.2 降雨入滲理論…………….………………………………………...15 2.2.1 降雨入滲特性………..………...………………………….15 2.2.2 坍方機制的實驗室模擬方法……...……...……………..17 2.3 不飽和土壤邊坡之穩定性析..………….……….………..…18 第三章 研究區域概述與土樣之基本物理性質………………….………………..22 3.1 研究區域概述……………………………………………….………22 3.1.1 地理概述…………….……………..………………22 3.1.2 地質概述………..…………………………………..24 3.2 現地採樣與基本物理性質….…………………………………28 3.2.1 昇福坑之物理性質…………………………..……...29 3.2.2 大粗坑之物理性質…………………………..……...30 第四章 試驗內容與方法………………………...………………………...………...33 4.1 模擬現地級配之方法……..……………………………………33 4.2 試驗規劃及進行項目….…….………..……....………………..37 4.2.1 土壤於不飽和狀態下之排水三軸試驗……………37 4.2.1.1 儀器……………………………………………...37 4.2.1.2 試驗步驟………………………………………..43 4.2.2 飽和均向壓密不排水試驗…………………..……......48 4.2.3 土壤水份特性曲線試驗………………..…….…..…48 4.2.3.1 儀器………………………………...……..…48 4.2.3.2 試體準備及試驗步驟……………………....51 第五章 試驗結果與討論…………………………………………………….……...53 5.1 大粗坑之試驗結果………………………………….…………...53 5.1.1 飽和均向壓密不排水試驗………………...……....53 5.1.1.1 圍壓的影響…………………………….…...53 5.1.1.2 剪力強度參數c’、ψ’之討論………….…..59 5.1.2 透水試驗之討論…………...……………………..59 5.1.3 土壤水份特曲線試驗結果……………..…..….…61 5.1.4 不飽和排水三軸試驗結果……………………….63 5.1.4.1 高基質吸力下三軸試驗結果………….….64 5.1.4.2 低基質吸力下三軸試驗結果……………….70 5.1.4.3 不飽和三軸試驗結果綜合討論…………….72 5.2 綜合討論………………………………………………………...77 5.2.1 飽和壓密不排水三軸試驗之討論…...............….77 5.2.2 三軸壓密透水試驗之討論………………………78 5.2.3 土壤水份特性曲線試驗之討論…………………79 5.2.4 不飽和三軸排水試驗之討論……………………81 第六章 穩定分析……………………………………………………….………......82 6.1 極限平衡法……………………………………………………...82 6.1.1 分析區域之地形頗面…………………………....82 6.1.2 分析參數之選定…………………………………84 6.1.3 分析項目及方法……………………………...….85 6.2 以昇福坑參數所得之結果……………………………...……....85 6.3 綜合討論……………………………………………………...…88 第七章 結論與建議……………………………………….………………………..89 7.1 結論……………………………………………………………...89 7.1.1 試驗部分…………………………………………..89 7.1.2 程式分析部分…………………………………..…90 7.2 建議……………………………………………………………...90 參考文獻………………………………………………………………………….....912990430 bytesapplication/pdfen-US邊坡穩定降雨入滲土石流材料不飽和土壤stability of slopeinitiation zone of debris-flowinfiltrationproperties of unsaturated soil侯硐地區土石流材料—在不飽和狀態下剪力強度之研究thesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/50527/1/ntu-93-R91521117-1.pdf