李存修Lee, Tsun-siou臺灣大學:財務金融學研究所賴馨寧Lai, Hsing-NingHsing-NingLai2010-05-112018-07-092010-05-112018-07-092009U0001-0108200916540800http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/182733本論文第一章是緒論，介紹研究動機、研究目的及研究方法。研究動機即是基於實務之兩個爭議，而引發金融創新在法律上保護方式之討論。二章則針對保護對象：金融創新做介紹，分別介紹何謂金融創新、金融創新之類型及內容、金融創新之功能及發生原因，金融創新之從事者為何，金融創新對社會福利之影響；並得到金融創新能增加社會福利，而值得我國追求之結論。三章則分別探討「群益安家基金」取得行政保護期及德意志銀行分割結構債方法之事件背景、發展及金管會在兩事件中處置之法律性質。四章則分別介紹著作權法、營業祕密法、專利法之規範目的、保護客體、保護要件及金融創新適用之可能性，並對金融創新在此三個法律之適用上加以比較，雖然金融業過去皆以營業祕密作保護，但若論及保護金融商品或流程創新之概念，仍以專利法之效果較佳。而此則牽涉商業方法電腦軟體專利問題。五章則介紹與金融創新之專利保護密切相關之商業方法軟體專利。從商業方法專利、電腦軟體專利及金融專利之概念開始介紹，而後並討論美國關於法定可專利客體之一般規定及一連串的案例演進，包含號稱打開商業方法專利大門之1998年State St. Bank& Trust案之「一實用、具體、有形結果」標準，及2008年In re Bilski案之最新發展：「機器或轉換法」。並述及State St. Bank& Trust案對金融業之影響；關於商業方法電腦軟體專利之批評；美國專利商標局及國會對其批評之回應。最後並論及我國關於商業方法電腦軟體專利之審查基準。而從第五章介紹美國及我國關於商業方法電腦軟體相關發明之法定可專利客體規定，可知兩國間之規定有異，而其規定之寬嚴則涉及是否應以專利權促進創新之政策議題。六章則探討此政策議題。先介紹討論專利權可否促進一般產業創新及金融創新之理論、實證文獻。再從法律經濟分析之觀點介紹專利權創設之效益及成本、其經濟模型、專利法保護程度之決定因素、專利法降低權利創設之社會成本之方式，及專利法於鼓勵創新外之功能。最後再從專利對具有網絡效果、標準設定等特性之金融業有何影響。七章則是對上述研究作總結，並提出建議。The first chapter of my thesis is introduction，which introduces the motive、objective and method of the thesis. And my research motive was based on two issues in practice，which induces the further discussion of the proper legal means to protect financial innovation.he second chapter focuses on financial innovation. I discuss respectively what financial innovation is, its functions and causes, the identities of financial innovators, and its impacts on social welfare , and reach the conclusion that it is beneficial to our society and is a deserving cause for our country to pursue. he third chapter discusses the background and further development of the 「administrative protective period of Capital Strategic Balance Fund」and the「Deutsche Bank’s stripping structured notes」 issues respectively. I also discuss the legal nature of the treatment by FSC（Financial Supervisory Commission） in the two issues. he fourth chapter discusses the legislative purpose、statutory objects and statutory requirements of copyright law、trade secret law and patent law respectively. I further discuss the applicability of the aforementioned laws to financial innovation and compare the protective effectiveness of the three legal means. Although historically financial innovation has been protected by trade secret law, patent law provides better protection regarding the ideas of innovative products and process. And it involves the issue of business-method software patents. he fifth chapter discusses the business-method software patents,which is closely related to financial patents. I begin with the concepts of business-method patens、software patents and financial patents. Then I discuss American patent law and a series of cases governing the statutory subjective matter, including the State St. Bank& Trust case, which is most often cited for opening the door to business-method patents and uses「a useful, concrete and tangible result」as the calibration of statutory subjective matter, and the new development of In re Bilski case in 2008：「machine or transformation test」.I further discuss the impacts of State St. Bank& Trust case on financial industry、the criticisms about business-method software patents, and the response of Patent and Trademark Office and congress of the United States. Finally, I discuss the 「Substantive examination guidelines for invention patent-- Section II. Chapter 9 Computer Software」in Taiwan. From the discussion of the fifth chapter we can know that Taiwan and the United States have different rules regarding the statutory subjective matter in patent law, and the scope of it is certain a political issue ,which involves whether it is appropriate to use patent as a mean to promote innovation.he sixth chapter discusses the aforementioned political issue. I begin with the theoretical and empirical papers discussing whether patent can promote innovation in general and in financial Industry. I further discuss the benefit and cost of the creation of patent right、its economic model、the decisive factors of patent’s protective degree、the means employed by patent law to reduce the social cost incurred from the creation of it and its functions beyond promoting innovation. Finally, I discuss patent’s impact on the financial industry which is characteristic of network effects and standard-setting. he last chapter concludes all the discussion in earlier ones and I present my proposal about the topic.目錄謝 II文摘要 IIIBSTRACT IV一章 緒論 1一節 研究動機 1二節 研究目的 3三節 研究方法 3二章 尋求保護對象－金融創新之介紹 5一節 前言 5二節 何謂金融創新 5三節 金融創新之類型 9﹑流程創新 9 ﹑商品創新 10四節 金融創新之發生原因及功能： 35﹑使先天不完全的市場趨近完全： 35﹑解決資訊不對稱及代理問題： 38﹑使金融市場參與者極小化其交易成本、搜尋成本及行銷成本： 41﹑回應現有規範與稅制： 45﹑全球化之刺激及風險管理之需求： 48﹑與科技、學術理論之發展相輝映： 50五節 金融創新之從事者 53六節 金融創新對社會福利之影響 55七節 小結 61三章 從實務案例看行政保護期之爭議 62一節「群益安家基金」取得保護期之爭議 62﹑「群益安家基金」之介紹： 62﹑「保護期」法律性質之探討： 65﹑事後之反應： 77二節 德意志銀行就分割結構債取得優先承購權之爭議 78﹑事件背景： 78﹑金管會之處理： 79三節 落幕 85四章 金融創新在智慧財產法上可能保護方式之探討 87一節 著作權 87、概說 87﹑金融創新適用之可能性 88二節 營業秘密 95﹑概說 95﹑金融創新適用之可能性 96三節 專利權 100﹑概說 100﹑金融創新適用之可能性 102四節 保護方式之比較 118五章 發明專利保護標的及可專利性之要件 122一節 前言 122﹑專利問題 122﹑金融專利 125二節 美國規定 130﹑法定可專利客體 130﹑對金融業之影響 157﹑關於商業方法電腦軟體專利之批評： 158﹑美國專利商標局及國會之回應： 161三節﹑我國 167四節﹑小結 172六章 專利法在知識經濟中應扮演的角色 173一節 專利法是否真能促進創新？ 173﹑前言 173﹑專利制度對創新活動之影響 176﹑專利制度對金融創新之影響 181二節 法律經濟分析－專利法之功與過 185﹑傳統對專利權獲獨占力之經濟分析： 185﹑波斯納、蘭迪斯之分析－以美國專利法為例 187﹑小結 195三節﹑專利在金融業 196﹑前言 196﹑金融業特性 196﹑美國金融業之訴訟介紹 198七章 結論與建議 200論 200議 201考文獻 205表目錄目錄表 1潔淨室程序 92表 2商業方法專利與電腦軟體專利關係圖 124表 3金融專利與商業方法及電腦軟體專利之關係圖 129表 4二步測試法之步驟流程圖 138表 5完全競爭市場及獨占市場之市場供給需求圖 185表 6專利保護對他人使用之效果 190目錄格 1保護方式之比較 121格 2金融專利之美國專利分類碼及國際專利分類碼 128格 3專利制度對創新及競爭之影響 193application/pdf1412909 bytesapplication/pdfen-US金融創新行政保護期商業方法專利電腦軟體專利financial innovationadministrative protective periodbusiness method patentsoftware patentthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/182733/1/ntu-98-R95723015-1.pdf