2020-01-012024-05-13https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/651392摘要：農糧署105年度統計資料顯示，臺東地區洛神葵栽種面積達103公頃(約占全臺6成)，產量130公噸，產值約1500萬。根據臺東區農業改良場田間病害調查發現，萎凋病害普遍發生，部分田區發病率達九成以上，造成農友巨大損失。檢視萎凋病株之莖基部呈褐化、輕微縊縮，並產生白色氣生菌絲，表面可觀察到鐮孢菌(Fusarium)之大、小分生孢子，切開莖基部可發現髓部褐化情形。挖起病株可觀察到部分根系呈現黑褐色腐敗現象。本病害過去普遍認為主要是由疫病菌(Phytophthora)所造成。然而，4篇國外文獻報導發現洛神葵萎凋病主要由尖鐮孢菌(F. oxysporum)引起。經由本研究第一、二年研究結果發現台東地區之洛神葵萎凋病乃由F. solani造成，而P. nicotianae則具有加遽萎凋病徵產生之傾向。目前已找到數株具防治洛神葵萎凋病潛力之芽孢桿菌與鏈黴菌，且發現化學藥劑百克敏對洛神葵萎凋病菌F. solani具良好抑制能力。今年計畫以盆栽及田間試驗探討以生物防治為主，而以化學防治為輔之策略評估對洛神葵萎凋病之防治功效，期能對洛神葵產業發展有重要貢獻。<br> Abstract: According to the report of Agriculture and Food Agency in 2016, the planting area of roselle is about 103 hectares in Taitung (~60% of Taiwan). The production capacity and output value are 130 tons and 15 million, respectively, in Taitung. Based on the field disease investigation of Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, roselle wilt diseases were common and the disease incidence was over 90% in some fields, causing enormous economic losses for farmers. The stem base of roselle wilt plants were brown, constricted and produced white aerial hyphae on the stem surface and typical macroconidia and microconidia of Fusarium can be observed. When the diseased plants were dug up, we can find the root with black root rot. This disease was previously thought to be mainly caused by Phytophthora in Taiwan. However, four literature reports from other countries showed that roselle wilt diseases were mainly caused by F. oxysporum. The first two years of our study found that roselle wilt disease in Taitung was mainly caused by F. solani , while P. nicotianae can enhance the wilt symptom. We have identified several biocontrol agents that can combat F. solani and/or P. nicotianae. Meanwhile, we found that pyraclostrobin exhibited strong inhibition ability against F. solani.&#160;Thus, our goal of this year is to test the efficacy of these biocontrol agents and chemicals against roselle wilt disease in pot assays and field test. We hope our study can make a great contribution to the roselle industry.洛神葵萎凋病生物防治茄鐮孢菌疫病菌Roselle wilt diseaseBiological controlFusarium solaniPhytophthora nicotianae