黃漢邦臺灣大學：機械工程學研究所林明典Lin, Ming-TienMing-TienLin2007-11-282018-06-282007-11-282018-06-282005http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/61209本文之目的，是協助視障同胞建立一套盲人之圖文顯示系統。文中分為三大部分：即全頁點字觸摸顯示器的機構設計、驅動電路設計以及人機介面軟體之研發。圖文顯示的流程，是將目前顯示人機介面軟體的圖形或文字，經過轉換及資料傳輸，將資訊顯示在我們所發展的觸摸螢幕上，不但可以將中英文字、數字、標點符號和一些數學表示式，完整地呈現在我們設計的點字觸摸顯示器上，而且可以將符號及圖形轉成點圖讓視障同胞摸讀。因此視障同胞可以藉由觸摸上面的資訊來達到學習或是閱讀的目的，大大改進視障同胞先天上不利的條件。 在機構設計方面，我們使用電磁鐵作為突點的致動器，但是為要符合一般點字的點距規格，我們提出了四層交錯之機構擺置，以解決此問題。此外，針對電磁力的計算使用ANSOFT 做Finite Element Analysis (FEA)，藉此來分析電磁力大小，以及電磁鐵之間的電磁力交互影響。 在驅動電路設計方面，我們使用列掃瞄方式對所有的電磁鐵做掃瞄控制，並且使用RS232介面做為我們的資料傳輸機制，接收從電腦的資訊，透過電流放大級驅動所有的電磁鐵。 在人機介面軟體方面，我們發展出圖形及點字的轉換模組。圖形模組可以將一般點陣圖轉換成為點圖，再送出至驅動電路。而點字轉換模組是利用regular expression 來做點字規則比對，建立中英文點字轉換表，可以將中英文字、數字、標點符號、甚至是中文破音字轉成點字，並且我們也針對點字轉換上做了強化，增加點字轉換的效率。The purpose of the research is to develop a full-page refreshable Braille display system for blind people. There are three parts in the research: mechanism design, design of driving circuit, and software design. Symbols, graphs or texts are converted to patterns or Braille by software. Then, the driving circuit receives the data by RS232 communication and actuates the electromagnets. Finally, blind people get graphs and Braille from full-page refreshable Braille display by touching the tactile rods. In mechanism design, the electromagnets are used as the actuators. We propose a four-layer-overlapping structure in order to decrease the pitch of tactile display. Besides, the electromagnetic force is computed with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) by ANSOFT. In design of driving circuit, row scan method is used in the control of full-page electromagnets. Furthermore, we use RS232 communication to receive the information from software. In software design, pattern module and Braille module are developed. The graphs can be converted into a dot-graph by pattern module. English and Chinese words are also transformed into Braille code by Braille module. The “regular expression” is applied in matching Braille rules. The English Braille rules, Chinese Braille rules are also built in the research. Finally, several modified methods are proposed to intensify the effect of Braille converting.摘要 i Abstract ii Tables of Contents iii List of Tables v List of Figures vi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Background Knowledge about Braille 2 1.2.1 Definition of Braille 2 1.2.2 Braille Cell 2 1.2.3 Chinese Braille 7 1.3 Related Works 9 1.3.1 One-Line Braille Display Assistive Device 9 1.3.2 Full-Page Graphic Display Assistive Device 12 1.4 Organization 14 1.5 Contributions 15 Chapter 2 Mechanism Design 16 2.1 Actuation Types 16 2.1.1 Piezoelectricity Driven 17 2.1.2 Shape Memory Alloy Driven 18 2.2 Design Concept of Mechanism 20 2.3 Prototyping Design 22 Chapter 3 Electromagnet and Magnetic Force Analysis 27 3.1 Maxwell’s Equations 27 3.1.1 Constitutive Relations 29 3.1.2 Integral Equations 31 3.1.3 Force and Torque 33 3.2 Static Theory 35 3.2.1 Magnetostatic Theory 35 3.3 Modified Mechanism Design 38 3.3.1 Implement of Full-page tactile display 39 3.4 Simulation of Electromagnetic Force 44 3.4.1 The Simulations of the Electromagnetic Model 45 3.4.2 The Coupling of the Electromagnetic Force 52 Chapter 4 Circuit Design 65 4.1 Circuit Control Method 65 4.2 Structure of Braille Circuit 67 4.2.1 Elements of the Peripheral Circuit 67 4.3 Data Translation 72 4.3.1 The Concepts of RS232 Communication 72 4.3.2 The Implementation of RS232 Communication. 73 4.4 Implement Circuit with PCB 75 Chapter 5 Software Design 77 5.1 Software Structure 77 5.2 Pattern Module of Software Design 80 5.2.1 The BMP Format 80 5.2.2 Binary Theorem 82 5.2.3 The Scaling of Original Pattern 82 5.3 Braille Module of Software Design 84 5.3.1 The Process of Braille Converting 84 Chapter 6 System Integration and Experiments 90 6.1 System Architecture 90 6.2 Braille Experiments 93 6.3 Pattern Experiments 97 Chapter 7 Conclusions 100 7.1 Conclusions 100 7.2 Future Works 100 References 101en-US盲人點字機觸摸顯示器點字全頁顯示Braille displayfull pageBrailletactile displaythesis