李英周臺灣大學:漁業科學研究所張承容Chang, Cheng-JungCheng-JungChang2010-05-102018-07-062010-05-102018-07-062009U0001-1308200900040100http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/181708台灣的魚苗放流工作已經進行了許多年，每年放流魚苗種類有黑鯛、嘉鱲、金目鱸、白星笛鯛…多達十餘種種類，除了少數物種如九孔、黑鯛曾進行研究外，其餘放流魚種皆未有足夠的相關研究報告來說明放流工作之成效。而欲評估魚苗放流效果，判別野生與放流再捕魚是很重要的工作。目前評估放流效益的方式，主要是以標識放流再進行放流魚回收為主，但此方法無法分辨未進行標識放流及更早之前就曾經放流的魚群。另有利用耳石化學元素中鎂與錳差異作為判別放流與野生黑鯛之依據，但此分析方法價格過於昂貴，因此找出省時、成本低的判別方法是非常重要的研究課題。本研究觀察5尾養殖及5尾標識再捕黑鯛的鱗片，並利用石墨式原子吸收光譜儀分析鱗片核心及邊緣部份的錳元素，依述分析結果，作為建立海中捕獲黑鯛來源的判別依據。 本研究共分析20尾海中捕獲且體表無標識之未知魚，結果顯示4尾未知魚可在鱗相上觀察到不連續帶記號，10尾未知魚鱗片結果顯示核心錳元素濃度皆高於邊緣部份，故推測20尾未知魚中，10尾可能為放流再捕魚，10尾可能為野生魚。建議未來判斷未知魚來源時，先初步觀察未知魚鱗相，再分析鱗片錳元素濃度，最後有疑問之樣本才需進行耳石鎂、錳元素分析，如此可有效減少花費的時間與經費，也可計算出早年未經標識放流的放流魚對海中資源的貢獻度，未來更容易進行資源的管理與研擬更好的放流方式。The restocking programs were conducted for many years in Taiwan. There are more than ten species released to the surrounding waters of Taiwan every year, i.e., black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli), Japanese sea bream (Pagrus major) and giant sea perch (Lates japonicas) etc. However, in the past, the effectiveness of the restocking program was not often evaluated except black sea bream and abalone. It is important to discriminate wild and hatchery-reared individual for the assessment of restocking program. In present, the major method to assess the effect of fry releasing was marked and recaptured. But this method could not identify the released individuals that were not marked before marked and released experiments. And there was another method using otolith elements analysis of magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) to distinguish wild and hatchery-reared black porgy. However, this method was time consuming and too expensive. Therefore, it is important to find the discrimination methods requiring short operations time and inexpensive. This study examined the scale characteristics of five hatchery-reared and five recaptured marked-fish, and their manganese (Mn) of scales was investigated by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscope (GFAAS). According to the results, the discrimination criteria of captured black porgy were established. There were twenty captured individuals were analyzed in this study. Four unknown fish showed the stocking check, and ten showed that the Mn of scales was higher in the core area than in the periphery area among all fish. Thereby, this study suggested ten individuals may be hatchery-reared fish and ten individual may be wild fish. This study suggests when discriminate original unknown fish, first, observed fish scale then analyzed Mn in scale. Finally, when there are still some doubt samples, Mg and Mn analysis will be necessary. By this way, time and expenditure can be reduced and the contribution of the previously unmark releasing fish be estimated. It will do merits to future resource administration and releasing projects.口試委員會審定書...................................i辭...............................................ii要...............................................iiibstract...........................................iv、前言...........................................1.1.緒論...........................................1.2.實驗魚種簡介...................................2.3.分辨放流再捕魚的方式...........................4.4.鱗片之形成與結構...............................7.5.養殖用水的特性與鱗片和耳石之關係...............8.6.研究動機與目的.................................9、材料方法.......................................11.1.研究樣本簡介...................................11.1.1.人工養殖魚樣本...............................11.1.2.放流再捕魚與未知魚樣本.......................12.2.鱗片鱗相與微量元素分析.........................13.2.1.鱗片處裡.....................................13.2.2.分析儀器及檢量線配置.........................14.2.3.待測樣品之稀釋與濃度計算.....................15.3.本研究之假設前提...............................16、結果...........................................17.1.實驗樣本資料...................................17.2.鱗相...........................................17.3.鱗片錳元素分析.................................18.3.1.養殖魚.......................................18.3.2.放流魚.......................................19.3.3.未知魚.......................................19、討論...........................................21.1.鱗相...........................................21.2.鱗片錳元素濃度特徵與魚苗來源之關係.............22.3.使用鱗相特徵和鱗片錳元素濃度判斷未知魚來源.....23.4.耳石元素分析...................................24.4.1.養殖魚和放流魚耳石鎂錳元素濃度特徵...........24.4.2.未知魚耳石鎂錳元素分析結果...................25.4.3.使用鱗片錳元素和耳石鎂錳元素濃度判斷未知魚來源..26.5.分析方法比較...................................27.6.放流魚來源探討.................................29.7.微化學元素之應用...............................30、結論...........................................32考文獻...........................................33amp;#8195;目錄1. 黑鯛再生鱗....................................432. 鱗片核心切割圖................................443. 黑鯛櫛鱗結構圖................................454. 養殖和野生黑鯛鱗相............................465. 標識放流魚樣本M2及M3的鱗相....................476. 未知來源魚樣本U8、U13及U14的鱗相..............487. 養殖黑鯛鱗片樣本核心及外圍之錳元素濃度........498. 放流再捕黑鯛鱗片樣本核心及外圍之錳元素濃度....509. 九尾未知來源黑鯛鱗片樣本核心及外圍之錳元素濃度.51圖9. 十一尾未知來源黑鯛鱗片樣本核心及外圍之錳元素濃度..5210. 人工養殖與放流再捕黑鯛耳石樣本之鎂鈣比數值變化圖..5311. 人工養殖與放流再捕黑鯛耳石樣本之錳鈣比數值變化圖..5412. 依據鱗相、鱗片錳元素分析與耳石鎂、錳元素分析分辨放流與野生魚的判別流程圖.................................55amp;#8195;目錄 1. 本研究使用30尾黑鯛樣本資料表.................56表 1. 本研究使用30尾黑鯛樣本資料表...............572. Hitachi Z-5700(Mn)石墨爐式原子吸收光譜儀設定條件..583. Mn升溫程式(Hitachi-5700)......................594. Hitachi-5700之常用檢量線的分析值..............595. 已知魚(養殖與放流魚)可判別尾數及比例(%).......606. 未知魚可判別尾數及比例(%).....................617. 比較鱗相、鱗片錳元素與耳石鎂、錳元素可判別尾數與正確率.................................................62application/pdf3040711 bytesapplication/pdfen-US黑鯛鱗片標識放流石墨式原子吸收光譜儀black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeliscalesmarked and releaseGFAAShttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/181708/1/ntu-98-R95b45025-1.pdf