Chou C.-C.Lin Y.-C.JUNG-JENG SUCHIN-CHENG CHOU2020-01-032020-01-0320041093-4529https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/444462Microbial indicators, the ratio of fecal coliforms (FC) to fecal streptococci (FS) and a newly defined enterococcus ratio, were used to differentiate pollution sources. FC/FS values for municipal sewage were significantly higher than those values of the effluent from piggery wastewater. Enterococcus ratio, the ratio of (Enterococcus durans + E. hirae) to (Enterococcus faecalis + E. faecium). of human-sourced wastewater (0.90) was much lower than for pig-sourced wastewater (5.55). When FC/FS and enterococcus ratio were applied to a contaminated river study, both were corresponded well with the population density distribution of humans and pigs. FC/FS and enterococcus ratio are feasible microbial indicators for human- and pig-sourced wastewater pollution identification in field study.[SDGs]SDG6[SDGs]SDG11Coliform bacteria; Contamination; Population statistics; River pollution; Sewage; Wastewater; Water pollution; Fecal coliforms (FC); Fecal streptococci (FS); Population density distributions; Wastewater pollution; Indicators (chemical); article; coliform bacterium; differentiation; Enterococcus; feces analysis; human; microbial contamination; nonhuman; population density; sewage disposal; Streptococcus; swine; waste water management; water sampling; Animals; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus; Environmental Monitoring; Feces; Humans; Population Density; Rivers; Swine; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants; Bacteria (microorganisms); Enterococcus; Enterococcus durans; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Enterococcus hirae; Streptococcus; Sus scrofajournal article10.1081/ESE-1200378422-s2.0-3042608051https://www2.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042608051&doi=10.1081%2fESE-120037842&partnerID=40&md5=feaa126276d33bc75b00261c77480f02