吳瑞碧臺灣大學:食品科技研究所林君怡Lin, Jiun-YiJiun-YiLin2007-11-272018-06-292007-11-272018-06-292004http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/56354本研究以“黑葉”種荔枝為原料製成荔枝香甜酒。進行以下實驗(1)分別以荔枝果汁與稀釋一倍之果汁加糖至22°Brix做為荔枝酒與蒸餾原料酒之原料,發酵溫度25℃下,進行酵母菌與發酵基質中SO2濃度與檸檬酸添加量的篩選;(2)以95 %酒精強化荔枝酒至18 %,建立最適之調配配方與熟成條件;(3)探討來自不同原料酒與蒸餾方式之荔枝蒸餾酒精,香氣成分之變化與其做為荔枝香甜酒蒸餾酒精的適合性。 結果顯示,荔枝酒之發酵基質中添加200 ppm SO2,宜以檸檬酸2~3 g/L調整酸度(此時pH小於4.76)後,接種酵母菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae Danstil D或Lalvin V1116進行發酵。荔枝香甜酒之配方為添加酒液量1/4或1/2倍之荔枝果汁,調整最終糖酸比為60∼80,其於25或16 ℃熟成並無差異。剔除酒頭(酒醪量1 %)及酒精度5 %以下之酒尾後可得酒精度為40%之初蒸液。初蒸液直接複蒸或稀釋一倍再行複蒸,剔除酒頭後取酒精度70 %以上做為蒸餾酒精,酒精度各為76.2 %與73.8 %,酒精回收率皆在五成以上。蒸餾原料酒以及蒸餾酒精香氣成分中,皆以異戊醇含量最多,且稀釋複蒸者含量高過直接複蒸者。品評結果顯示,發酵基質中添加75 ppm SO2及5 g/L檸檬酸釀製之原料酒,經初蒸後直接複蒸,為荔枝香甜酒之蒸餾酒精的最適製程。The lychee dessert wine in this study is made from “Hei-Yeh”variety. We discuss:Lychee puree as itself for lychee wine fermentation or diluted with equal amount of water for lychee wine-spirit base wine fermentation were adjusted to 22 °Brix by the addition of sugar. Citric acid was added to acidify the must. Various yeast srains were inoculated to ferment the must contained 200 ppm SO2 at 25℃. To select the suitable formulation and aging condition, the 18% lychee dessert wine fortified by 95% alcohol was used. The sensory evaluation of lychee dessert wine and the aroma analysis were performed to demonstrate the effect of the type of wine-spirit base wine and the way of distillation. The results show that the addition of citric acid at 2~3 g/ L, and the inoculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Danstil D and V1116 were suitable for lychee wine fermentation. Danstill D was the best yeast strain for the fermentation process in wine-spirit base wine. A suitable formulation for 18 % lychee dessert wine is to mix the lychee wine with lychee juice at 4:1 ~2:1 ratio. There are no differences between the 16 and 25℃ aging temperatures. In the firs distillation, discard the first 1% of the volume of the batch and collect all the distillate with an alcohol content higher than 5%. The brouillis produced is at 40 %. During the second distillation, discard the first 1% of the volume of the bath, and collect all the distillate with an alcohol content higher than 70%. The wine-spirit from the brouillis distillation is at 76.2 % alcohol content and that from the brouillis diluted with equal amount of water is at 73.8 % alcohol content. Their recoveries in ethonol are higher than 50 %。The two kinds of distillate were used as the lychee wine-spirit in fortification. The major aroma compounds of the lychee wine-spirit base wine, brouillis and wine-spirit is 3-methyl-1—butanol. The content are higher in the wine-spirit from the diluted broullis than that from the brouillis. When the SO2 concentration is at 75ppm, the addition of citric acid at 5 g/ L is suitable for lychee wine-spirit base wine fermentation. The wine-spirit distilled from the brouillis is a proper wine-spirit for lychee dessert wine making.中文摘要Ⅰ 英文摘要Ⅱ 目錄Ⅳ 表目錄Ⅷ 圖目錄Ⅹ 壹、前言1 貳、文獻整理2   一、荔枝之一般性狀2   二、 荔枝釀酒之文獻整理7     (一)荔枝浸漬酒7     (二)荔枝發酵酒7   三、 釀酒製程中之加酸作業9   四、 香甜酒10     (一)強化時機12     (二)蒸餾酒精15     (三)sweetening、colouring wine15     (四)熟成方式16     (五)造成香甜酒品質下降之可能原因24   五、 酒之蒸餾25     (一)蒸餾原理25     (二)白蘭地的蒸餾技術26         (1)原料酒27         (2)Cognac地區白蘭地的蒸餾方式29     (三)蒸餾過程中香氣成分之變化34 參. 材料與方法45   一、原料   二、試藥46   三、實驗架構47   四、實驗方法48     (一)荔枝果汁之製備48     (二)建立荔枝基酒製程48         (1)酵母菌選擇試驗48         (2)荔枝香甜酒調配配方之確立50         (3)荔枝酒發酵條件之確立52         (4)荔枝香甜酒熟成條件52     (三)建立荔枝蒸餾酒精製程53         (1)蒸餾原料酒之釀製53         (2)探討蒸餾條件之影響54   五、分析方法59     (一)可溶性固形物59     (二)酸鹼值59     (三)可滴定酸59     (四)總糖60     (五)總酚類化合物60     (六)酒精度分析法60     (七)揮發性酸61     (八)褐變、紅變程度62     (九)色澤62     (十)混濁度62     (十一)嗜好性品評試驗63     (十二)香氣成分分析及鑑定63 肆. 結果與討論66   一、試驗荔枝果汁之一般成分組成66   二、荔枝酒製程之建立67     (一)酵母菌選擇試驗67     (二)荔枝酒製程與荔枝強化香甜酒調配配方之確立74         (1)調配配方76         (2)荔枝酒製程     (三)荔枝香甜酒熟成條件79   三、建立荔枝蒸餾基酒之製程86     (一) 蒸餾原料酒之釀製86         (1) 酵母菌選擇試驗86         (2)低二氧化硫添加條件下,            荔枝蒸餾原料酒之釀造試驗93     (二)探討蒸餾條件之影響95       (1)蒸餾過程酒精之變化95       (2)香氣成分分析101       (3)以不同蒸餾酒精強化荔枝甜酒之嗜好性品評109 伍、結論112 陸、參考文獻1141338837 bytesapplication/pdfen-US蒸餾荔枝香甜酒香氣aromadessert winelycheedistillationwine荔枝香甜酒製程之研究Studies on the making of lychee dessert winethesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/56354/1/ntu-93-R91641009-1.pdf