鄭榮和臺灣大學：機械工程學研究所游振彥Yu, Chen-YenChen-YenYu2007-11-282018-06-282007-11-282018-06-282007http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/61135電動動力系統完全地決定車輛之性能表現，因此電動動力系統設計為電動車輛研究的重要議題。由於電動動力系統為一跨領域之整合性題目，所以本研究將以系統化工程的觀點，從上到下提出一個完整的系統化設計方法，同時並應用此方法設計台大複合能量機車的電動動力系統。 動力系統規格將探討電動機車之動力曲線與馬達的CPSR(Constant Power Speed Ratio, CPSR)的關係，及最後的動力曲線設計。同時，為了延長續航能力，複合能量機車上採用鋰離子電池搭配燃料電池的雙能量源系統，本文亦將提出調配兩者輸出能量之管理方法與其模擬模型。另外，在過去選擇電動動力系統傳動方式時，輪內馬達與一般馬達配合減速機構一直是在設計時所難以抉擇的部分，在此將以機械與馬達設計兩大方面加以探討，結果顯示在適當的馬達設計及控制下，以單齒比鏈條傳動方式，將有利於機械結構及馬達設計，同時兼具有簡單、高效率等優點。 子系統將探討如何設計馬達以達成符合高性能電動機車規格，包括有符合車輛規格所需之CPSR 電氣參數設計流程、馬達重要幾何參數設計探討、有限元素軟體磁路分析與模擬，並探討了飽和對馬達各項性能所造成的影響。 初步實驗結果顯示實際馬達性能與模擬結果非常接近，證實了整個馬達設計方法的有效性。同時，目前設計也達到台大複合能量機車的電動動力系統之規格需求。 最後，此系統化設計方法，除了適合此複合能量機車外，將可應用在其他以馬達為主要驅動核心的電動機車與電動車。Electric powertrain is completely responsible for the performance of electric vehicle; as a result, the electric powertrain design is the important issue of electric vehicle design. Since the electric powertrain is the multi-discipline subject, this research will propose the completely design approach and use this method to design the electric powertrain of hybrid energy scooter of NTU (National Taiwan University). In the power specification, this study will discuss the cross effect of power curve and motor CPSR(Constant Power Speed Ratio, CPSR). Meanwhile, in order to extend the mileage, the hybrid energy scooter has two energy sources: Fuel-cell and Li-ion battery. This study will propose the energy management method and provides energy simulation for this scooter. In addition, in the past, the design choice between in-wheel motor and the motor with reduction is the hard decision for the engineer. This research will compare these two choices from the view of mechanical design and motor design. The result shows that the single gear transmission will have more advantages such as mechanical design and motor design under the suitable motor design and control. In the subsystem design, it is in terms of meeting the scooter spec. that this study will propose the design method including the motor electric constants design process, motor geometry design, and the FEM (Finite Element Method, FEM) analysis and simulation. This study will also investigate the saturation phenomenon and its effect to the motor performance. The initial experiment shows that the motor performance is very close with the simulation result and it proves the design method validity. It also shows that the design meet the scooter specification. Finally, this systematic design method not only successful designs the electric powertrain of NTU hybrid energy scooter but it also can be applied to other electric vehicles.目錄 第一章 序言....................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景..................................................................................1 1.2 研究動機..................................................................................2 1.3 研究內容與方法......................................................................4 1.4 論文架構..................................................................................6 第二章 文獻回顧............................................................................8 2.1 電動動力系統..........................................................................8 2.2 電動機車近年發展................................................................10 2.3 文獻回顧討論........................................................................14 第三章 電動動力系統設計..........................................................15 3.1 車輛動力性能設計................................................................15 3.1.1 車輛性能目標................................................................18 3.1.2 動力曲線與CPSR 的關係............................................21 3.1.3 動力曲線計算與設計....................................................23 3.1.4 傳動系統與電動動力之關係........................................27 3.2 動力系統架構........................................................................35 3.3 能量管理系統及耗能計算....................................................37 3.3.1 能量管理方法................................................................37 3.3.2 能量流模型....................................................................39 3.3.3 能量管理模擬及耗能計算結果與討論........................41 3.4 動力系統設計結果與討論....................................................44 第四章 馬達設計..........................................................................45 4.1 馬達設計流程........................................................................46 4.2 馬達型式................................................................................48 4.3 定轉子初步設計....................................................................49 4.4 電氣設計................................................................................50 4.4.1 向量控制........................................................................50 4.4.2 定扭力區控制................................................................53 4.4.3 弱磁控制........................................................................55 4.4.4 CPSR 與馬達參數的關係..............................................56 4.4.5 馬達電氣參數計算........................................................59 4.5 磁路初步設計........................................................................63 4.5.2 Rmxprt 軟體簡介............................................................64 4.5.3 磁鐵展開角....................................................................65 4.5.4 轉子橋部與氣隙大小對氣隙磁通的關係....................66 4.5.5 矽鋼片選擇....................................................................69 4.5.6 繞線................................................................................70 4.5.7 疊積厚度與轉子設計....................................................72 4.5.8 磁路初步設計結果........................................................73 4.6 磁路細部設計........................................................................75 4.6.1 無載磁通分佈................................................................77 4.6.2 氣隙磁通分佈................................................................78 4.6.3 反電動勢及磁鐵磁通鏈分析........................................79 4.6.4 電氣參數Ld、Lq 計算....................................................81 4.6.5 d-q 電感飽和效應...........................................................83 4.6.6 扭力分析........................................................................88 4.7 設計結果與規格比較............................................................93 第五章 製造與實驗結果..............................................................94 5.1 製造結果................................................................................94 5.2 實驗結果................................................................................95 第六章 結論與未來展望..............................................................98 參考文獻........................................................................................102en-US電動動力系統能量管理馬達設計內置式磁石永磁同步馬達複合能量電動機車Hybrid energy scooterElectric powertrainEnergy managementmotor designinterior permanent magnet synchronous motorthesis