2011-08-012024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/688961摘要：缺水會導致水稻產量之重大損失。藉由選育耐旱性較高之水稻品種並配合節水栽培，可達到減少用水維持產量的目的。因此積極評估開發國內外耐旱稻之種原，瞭解旱稻之耐旱特性，尤其是生理及分子機制以利栽培管理，並定位其相關耐旱基因，以分子標幟輔助選種導入耐旱性狀至裁培稻，是達成耐旱水稻選育及開發之首要工作。 有鑑於此，本計劃規劃目標如下：(1)將旱育15號之耐旱特性導入良質米台&#31241;9號和香米嘉農育911303號(台農67號突變系)之兩輪迴親，以回交方法，利用分子標幟進行背景選拔。並於第二年以定位選殖之耐旱基因標幟進行前景選拔。期於2年期間內回復輪迴親之基因體組成，育成耐旱的&#31241;型稻新品種；另評估來自疊氮化鈉誘變之IR64耐旱突變系的實用性，做為其它工作項目材料的來源基礎。(2)以旱育15號與台農78號之5000個 F2族群為材料，進行耐旱基因粗及精細之圖譜定位分析。並同時培育本族群SSD法繁殖的後代供定位主效基因，或以回交材料標定及選殖基因利用。最後再設計成功能性分子標幟於分子輔助選育及耐旱基因之調控研究中使用。(3)以IR64耐旱突變系及不同陸稻品種探討耐旱水稻生理反應機制，了解高、中、低及敏感型等不同水稻耐旱材料於之缺水下外觀及生理差別，包括不同生理指標如光合作用效率、水分利用效率，電導度、H2O2，MDA及不同抗氧化酵素活性，糖類及多元胺含量等之變化。(4)利用IR64遺傳背景之極耐旱、微耐旱、敏感型(親本)等突變系為材料，就正常生長及28% PEG 6000處理下，以 Illumina Genome Analyzer II進行RNA-seq，將基因之表現量數據化，分析缺水後耐旱基因之啟動與表現量，並整合生理分析之結果，以進一步釐清耐旱之機制。本計畫預期瞭解耐旱水稻於缺水下之生理反應和基因表現，以利發展節水栽培管理之新技術；並定位耐旱相關基因，最後經由誘變之突變或分子輔助選育培育新的耐旱水稻品種。 <br> Abstract: Water deficiency can lead to severe yield loss in rice. To reduce water usage but still maintain rice production is necessary to screen and select drought tolerant rice cultivars, and to develop water saving cultivation techniques. To reach this goal, the main objectives of this proposal are to evaluate the domestic and foreign germplasm of drought tolerant rice, to understand their special properties, such as physiological and gene regulational mechanisms of drought responses, to interval map QTLs conferring drought tolerance, and to introduce the related agronomical traits into domesticate rice by marker assisted selection (MAS). We integrate four different approaches to achieve our objectives mentioned above. (1) To introgress the drought tolerant characteristics from Hang-Yui 15 into Taiken 9 and Chianungyui 911303. Recurrent selection is facilitated by using drought-tolerant genes isolated by positional cloning as forward selection and using evenly distrubted molecular makers as background selection. New japonica type rice cultivars of drought tolerance are expected within two years. Besides, drought tolerant rice mutants which were derived from IR64 induced by sodium azide will be evaluated for drought tolerance and further served as study materials for other subprojects. (2) To positional clone drought tolerant genes mapped on chromosome 12. A total of 5000 F2 derived from the cross between indica Hang-Yui 15, which is a drought tolerant variety, and japonica Tainung 78, which is drough senestive variety, are ready for high resolution mapping the drought genes. The isolated drought-tolerant genes can be designed as the functional molecular makers and consequently applied for MAS, and be applied in investigating gene regulation in response to water deficiency. In the meanwhile, the population propagated by single seed decent (SSD) method will be used for mapping major effect gene. (3) To address the physiological response and mechanism of drought tolerance. After drought treatments, a set of drought tolerant IR64 mutatant lines and several upland rice cultivars will be evaluated physiologyical parameters, including photosynthesis efficiency, water use efficiency, electrical conductivity, H2O2, MDA, antioxidant enzymatic activities, sugar and polyamine contents. (4) To digitalize gene expression level by RNA-seq. Under normal or 28% PEG treatment, the global mRNA extracted from the seedlings of sensitive variety IR64, and highly and mild tolerant IR64 mutant lines will be subjectd Illumina Genome Analyzer II. The gene expression profiles will be analyzed by integrating together with physiological data and positional cloning results, which can provide valuable information to draw out network of gene regulation in response to water deficiency. Therefore, by elucidation of gene expression profile and physiological response from above studies can benefit the development of new water saving rice cultivars and economic water management technology.水稻耐旱生理指標轉錄體分析分子標誌連鎖圖譜分子輔助選種ricedrought tolerancephysioloogical indicetranscriptomemolecular markerlinkage mapmarker-assisted selection