Buu, AnneAnneBuuHu, Yi HanYi HanHuSU-WEI WONGLin, Hsien ChangHsien ChangLin2023-07-212023-07-212021-10-0115571874https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/633999This study examined whether internalizing and externalizing problems were associated with initiation and progression of e-cigarette/cigarette use. The youth from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Waves 1–2 were included in this study (n = 9258). Multinomial logistic and linear regression were performed to investigate whether Wave 1 internalizing and externalizing problems were associated with Wave 2 initiation and progression of cigarette/e-cigarette use. Higher internalizing and externalizing problems were both associated with higher risk for initiating cigarette smoking and exclusive e-cigarette use. Neither internalizing nor externalizing problems were associated with (1) differential likelihood of initiating exclusive e-cigarette use when compared with initiating cigarette smoking and (2) more frequent use of cigarettes or e-cigarettes. Schools and community public health practitioners should provide prevention and intervention efforts among the target population. Improving the youth’s mental and behavioral health could have a secondary effect on preventing cigarette and e-cigarette use initiation.enCigarette | E-cigarette | Externalizing | Internalizing | Longitudinal | Mental health[SDGs]SDG3journal article10.1007/s11469-020-00261-92-s2.0-85082821382https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85082821382