2008-05-032024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/684084摘要:水利署鑒於防洪預警與應變作業需要,於2004-2006年期間委託台大水工所規劃「洪水預報格網」,擬透過模組化、分散演算、分散展示應用的設計,整合和改進過去研發的氣象、水文軟體,建立易於維護、自動化執行的洪水預報作業系統軟體。2007-2009年的「水文模式與分散式洪水預報系統整合應用計畫」,是在既有的基礎上,持續建置與改進。三年計畫的整體工作項目分為五項:(1)增進預報系統應用功能-新增資料品質控管,水庫洩洪決策支援功能,強化演算模組和統計分析工具模組,並將參數檢定模組改為以XML定義執行程序、遠端演算;(2)強化現有水文模式功能-開發逕流模式與河川模式參數檢定優選模式,河川模式的資料同化和逕流模式的回饋功能;(3)整合納入其他水文模式-輔助水利署其他計畫的模式開發者,撰寫格式轉譯程式和通用轉譯程式,設計新類型模式的輸入、輸出資料的XML標準檔案格式,以便納入系統運作;(4)改善分散式系統作業機制-將模組輸出入指標和執行流程指標XML化,提高中介層軟硬體作業效能,增加系統自動化運作功能等;以及(5)推廣系統應用-於計畫執行的三年期限內,開發烏溪、高屏溪、八掌溪、蘭陽溪和大甲溪等流域的洪水預報系統,並透過教育訓練輔助水利署各河川局與水資源局應用,達到支援防洪應變的效益。 本(2008)年度為三年期計劃中的第二年,本年度預計完成工作項目如下: 1. 修改建立模組與專案的輸入與控制介面,以利使用者更容易編輯模組與專案。 2. 增加河川流量展示畫面,改善河川等介面展示不同使用者、專案名稱、時間等指標的方式,使其更易於理解與親和。 3. 改版颱風氣候法降雨推估模組操控展示介面,將空間資料GIS化,並增進其親和性;增加使用者自訂路徑推估降雨的功能。 4. 配合新增預報流域,建立逕流與河川參數檢定資料和圖形展示介面。 5. 分類統計歷史颱風,改為僅取條件類似颱風事件計算氣候平均降雨;評估其推估降雨歷線精確度的改進,並納入系統應用。 6. 開發逕流水筒模式卡門濾波回饋模組。 7. 開發伴隨狀態變數法河川模式參數即時修正模組。 8. 設計河川模式地文資料的XML化檔案。 9. 針對計算資源為單執行序或多線演算功能,和遠端資料儲存架構,定義訊息指標和內容;重新設計XML工作流程描述檔案,使其同時具備描述循序執行與多線執行的能力。 10.配合水庫洩洪決策支援、地文資料、水文模式輸出入狀態變數之儲存、計算資源、資料和模式儲存位址等新增功能,將定義水文模組輸出入類型、流域參數、專案和執行序等的既有資料庫,修改為分類型的多個資料庫。 11.納入「季節性降雨、颱風威脅潛勢預報改善之研究」計畫的中尺度數值天氣預報模式降雨產品,作為降雨預報產品選項。 12.納入蔡長泰教授之二維地文性排水淹水模式,改為可即時預報作業機制。 13.開發高屏溪與八掌溪流域洪水預報系統。<br> Abstract: During 2004-2006, Water Resources Agency commissioned The Hydrotech Research Institute of National Taiwan University to develop “TAiwan’s Internet-based Runoff And Inundation-risk Nowcasting System” (TAI-RAINS) to satisfy the operation needs for flood early warning and mitigation. The key elements of the system include modulization, distributed computing, distributed application design. The system is also expected to integrate and improve the algorithms of the meteor- and hydrology software for easy maintenance and auto-execution. Based on these established results, the 2007-2009 “Integration and application of hydrologic models and the distributed flood forecasting system” project is to further develop the system by completing the following 5 sub-systems. They are: (1) improving the mechanism within the Distributed Flood Forecasting System (DFFS); (2) strengthening the existing hydrologic models; (3) enhancing the functions of the forecasting system; (4) help modularizing alien hydrologic models and integrating them into the system; and (5) spreading the system applications to other watersheds. 2008 is the second year of the project; the tasks to be done in this year are as following 1. Revise the model I/O and parameter setting interfaces to make easer of the model and project edition. 2. Revise the display components; use the meaningful words to label the projects for the user to follow. 3. Upgrade the typhoon climatology quantitative precipitation forecasting model (TCP) graphical user interface to GIS version; and create it a new user-define typhoon route based precipitation forecasting function. 4. Create the parameter calibration GUI for the new flood forecasting system built rivers. 5. Improve the reliability of TCP by using only the climate condition analog historical typhoons to do regression. 6. Build the Kalman Filter Feedback tool for the Geo-runoff module. 7. Build the real time parameter amend tool for New C river module using the “Aadjoint State Method” (ASM). 8. Design the geological data XML schema. 9. Redesign the workflow XML schema so that the requests of in parallel and/or serial run of the hydrological modules can be addressed in XML scripts. 10.Redesign MySQL data base, use model type as the group criteria. 11.Incorporate the rainfall intensity forecast product of “Weather Research and Forecasting Model” (WRF) being one of the rainfall candidates. 12.Apply the modulized “Physiographic Drainage and Inundation Model (PHD)” to the geological data available area, and make them real time operable. 13.Construct the flood forecasting systems for Bajhang and Kaoping River.分散式系統洪水預報distributed systemflood forecasting.水文模式與分散式洪水預報系統整合應用計畫(2/3)