謝煥儒臺灣大學：植物病理與微生物學研究所古家榮Guu, Jia-RongJia-RongGuu2007-11-272018-06-292007-11-272018-06-292007http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/58065在台灣森林 堙A我們發現五十三種叢赤殼類真菌，這些真菌被分類在 Hypocreales下的 Nectriaceae 與 Bionectriaceae 兩科，其中曾經在台灣被發表過的僅有四種。其它有四十二種屬於台灣新記錄種，六種為新種，一種為新組合種。這些真菌大部份採集自最近才枯死的闊葉樹。屬於 Nectriaceae 的29種菌包括 Albonectria albida、A. rigidiuscula、Calonectria kyotensis、C. cf. consors、C. diminuta、C. cf. glabra、C. joca、C. magnusiana、C. obscura、Cosmospora sp.、C. triqua、C. vilior、Haematonectria haematococca、Lanatonectria flavolanata、L. flocculenta、Nectria balsamea、N. pseudotrichia、Neonectria cinnamomea、Neo. coronata、Neo. discophora、Neo. jungneri、Neo. lucida、Neo. rugulosa、Neo. sp. 1、Neo. sp. 2、Neo. sp. 3、Neo. sp. 4、Neo. sp. 5 與 Ophionectria trichospora。屬於 Bionectriaceae 的24種菌包括 Bionectria byssicola、B. compactiuscula、B. grammicospora、B. ochroleuca、B. parviphialis、B. pseudostriata、B. sp. 1、B. sp. 2、B. verrucispora、Hydropisphaera ciliata、H. cf. cyatheae、H. peziza、H. cf. rufofusca、H. suffulta、Ijuhya parilis、I. sp.、Nectriella cf. luteola、Nectriopsis cupulata、N. lasiodermopsis、N. cf. sibicola、Ochronectria calami、Stilbocrea gracilipes、S. macrostoma 與 Stephanonectria keithii。主要的鑑定方法是根據有性構造之形態特徵與培養後所產生的無性構造之形態特徵為主，少部份以DNA比對序列為輔。我們也提供一個檢索表來檢索這些種類。Fifty-three species of Nectria-like fungi reported herein were collected from forests in Taiwan. They are distributed in Nectriaceae and Bionectriaceae of Hypocreales, with only four previously recorded in Taiwan. Others include 42 species newly recorded in Taiwan, six proposed as new, and one newly combined with the genus Albonectria. Most of them were collected from recently dead broad-leaved trees. Twenty-nine species belong to Nectriaceae, including Albonectria albida, A. rigidiuscula, Calonectria kyotensis, C. cf. consors, C. diminuta, C. cf. glabra, C. joca, C. magnusiana, C. obscura, Cosmospora sp., C. triqua, C. vilior, Haematonectria haematococca, Lanatonectria flavolanata, L. flocculenta, Nectria balsamea, N. pseudotrichia, Neonectria cinnamomea, Neo. coronata, Neo. discophora, Neo. jungneri, Neo. lucida, Neo. rugulosa, Neo. sp. 1, Neo. sp. 2, Neo. sp. 3, Neo. sp. 4, Neo. sp. 5 and Ophionectria trichospora. Twenty-four species belong to Bionectriaceae, including Bionectria byssicola, B. compactiuscula, B. grammicospora, B. ochroleuca, B. parviphialis, B. pseudostriata, Bionectria sp. 1, Bionectria sp. 2, B. verrucispora, Hydropisphaera ciliate, H. cf. cyatheae, H. peziza, H. cf. rufofusca, H. suffulta, Ijuhya parilis, I. sp., Nectriella cf. luteola, Nectriopsis cupulata, N. lasiodermopsis, N. cf. sibicola, Ochronectria calami, Stilbocrea gracilipes, S. macrostoma and Stephanonectria keithii. Identification of these fungi was carried out by using teleomorphic traits as well as cultural and anamorphic traits. In addition, sequences of various DNA fragments were obtained from cultures or collections of certain species to compare with the available sequences in GenBank. A dichotomous key to the studied species is also given.口試委員審定書 v 誌謝 vi 中文摘要 vii 英文摘要 viii 緒論 1 材料與方法 8 結果與討論 10 Taxonomy 11 Key to species 11 Descriptions for taxa of Nectriaceae Tul. & C. Tul. Albonectria albida (Rossman) J.-R. Guu & Y.-M. Ju 18 Albonectria rigidiuscula (Berk. & Broome) Rossman & Samuels 19 Calonectria kyotensis Terash. 21 Cosmospora cf. consors (Ellis & Everh.) Rossman & Samuels 22 Cosmospora diminuta (Berk.) Rossman & Samuels 23 Cosmospora cf. glabra (Rossman) Rossman & Samuels 24 Cosmospora joca (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels 24 Cosmospora magnusiana (Rehm) Rossman & Samuels 25 Cosmospora obscura Lowen 27 Cosmospora sp. 28 Cosmospora triqua (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels 29 Cosmospora vilior (Starb.) Rossman & Samuels 29 Haematonectria haematococca (Berk. & Broome) Samuels & Nirenberg 31 Lanatonectria flavolanata (Berk. & Broome) Samules & Rossman 33 Lanatonectria flocculenta (Henn. & E. Nyman) Samuels & Rossman 35 Nectria balsamea Cooke & Peck 36 Nectria pseudotrichia (Schwein.) Berk. & M. A. Curtis 37 Neonectria cinnamomea (Brayford & Samuels) Samuels & Brayford 39 Neonectria coronata (Penz. & Sacc.) Mantiri & Samuels 40 Neonectria discophora (Mont.) Mantiri & Samuels 42 Neonectria jungneri (Henn.) Samuels & Brayford 43 Neonectria lucida (Höhn.) Samuels & Brayford 44 Neonectria rugulosa (Pat. & Gaillard) Mantiri & Samuels 46 Neonectria sp. 1 47 Neonectria sp. 2 48 Neonectria sp. 3 49 Neonectria sp. 4 51 Neonectria sp. 5 52 Ophionectria trichospora (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. 53 Descriptions for taxa of Bionectriaceae Samuels & Rossman Bionectria byssicola (Berk. & Broome) Schroers & Samuels 55 Bionectria compactiuscula Schroers 57 Bionectria grammicospora (Ferd. & Winge) Schroers & Samuels 59 Bionectria ochroleuca (Schwein.) Schroers & Samuels 60 Bionectria parviphialis (Samuels) Schroers 63 Bionectria pseudostriata Schroers 64 Bionectria sp. 1 65 Bionectria sp. 2 68 Bionectria verrucispora Schroers & Samuels 69 Hydropisphaera ciliata Taylor, Hyde & Jones 71 Hydropisphaera cf. cyatheae (Dingley) Rossman & Samuels 72 Hydropisphaera peziza (Tode: Fr.) Dumort. 73 Hydropisphaera cf. rufofusca (Penz. & Sacc.) Rossman & Samuels 73 Hydropisphaera suffulta (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Rossman & Samuels 74 Ijuhya parilis (Syd.) Rossman & Samuels 76 Ijuhya sp. 77 Nectriella cf. luteola (Roberge: Desm.) Weese 77 Nectriopsis cupulata (Theiss.) Samuels 78 Nectriopsis lasiodermopsis Samuels 79 Nectriopsis cf. sibicola Samuels 80 Ochronectria calami (Henn. & E. Nyman) Rossman & Samuels 81 Stephanonectria keithii (Berk. & Broome) Schroers & Samuels 82 Stilbocrea gracilipes (Tul. & C. Tul.) Samuels & Seifert 83 Stilbocrea macrostoma (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Höhn. 83 引用文獻 85 圖表頁數 Fig. 1 Macroscopical details of ascomata of selected nectriaceous fungi on their natural substrata. 93 Fig. 2 Macroscopical details of ascomata of bionectriaceous fungi on their natural substrata. 94 Fig. 3 Macroscopical details of ascomata of bionectriaceous and nectriaceous fungi on their natural substrata. 95 Fig. 4 Albonectria albida and Calonectria kyotensis 96 Fig. 5 Albonectria rigidiuscula 97 Fig. 6 Cosmospora sp., C. cf. consors and C. vilior 98 Fig. 7 Cosmospora obscura, C. diminuta and C. cf. glabra 99 Fig. 8 Cosmospora magnusiana 100 Fig. 9 Lanatonectria flavolanata and L. flocculenta 101 Fig. 10 Nectria pseudotrichia, N. balsamea, Haematonectria haematococca and Ophionectria trichospora 102 Fig. 11 Neonectria cinnamomea 103 Fig. 12 Neonectria discophora, Neo. coronata, Neo. rugulosa and Neo. jungneri 104 Fig. 13 Neonectria sp. 1 and Neonectria sp. 5 105 Fig. 14 Neonectria sp. 2 106 Fig. 15 Neonectria sp. 3 107 Fig. 16 Neonectria sp. 4 108 Fig. 17 Bionectria byssicola, B. ochroleuca, B. parviphialis, B. verrucispora, Hydropisphaera ciliata, H. suffulta, Stephanonectria keithii, Ochronectria calami, B. pseudostriata, Nectriopsis cupulata and Stilbocrea gracilipes 109 Fig. 18 Bionectria sp. 1 111 Fig. 19 Bionectria sp. 2 112 Fig. 20 Hydropisphaera ciliata 113 Fig. 21 Localities of Taiwan collections 114 Table 1 Numbers of map and localities 115 Table 2 Taxa of Nectriaceae 125 Table 3 Taxa of Bionectriaceae 126 Table 4 Using ITS region compared to the similarity of sequences of GenBank 127 Table 5 Using tub2 region of β-tubulin gene compared to the similarity of sequences of GenBank 1287631522 bytesapplication/pdfen-USAlbonectriaBionectriaBionectriaceaeCosmosporaHaematonectriaHydropisphaeraHypocrealesIjuhyaNectriaceaeNectriellaNectriopsisNeonectriaNectriaOphionectriaStephanonectriaStilbocrea系統分類學systematicsotherhttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/58065/1/ntu-96-D90633005-1.pdf