JANG-JAER LEE2023-05-042023-05-042021-01-199789811220814https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/630749The following sections are included: • Introduction • Materials for Screw Augmentation • The Biomechanical Studies on Expandable Screws • Screw Augmentation • Approaches of Screw Insertion • Indications of Pedicle Screw Placement • Improvement of Surgical Techniques • Bone Grafting • Rod Contouring • Choice of Levels for Screw Fixation • Case Illustrations • Conclusions • References.[SDGs]SDG2book part10.1142/9789811220814_00102-s2.0-85109224427https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85109224427