吳先琪臺灣大學：環境工程學研究所林明郁2007-11-292018-06-282007-11-292018-06-282004http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/62722水庫的水質一直是水資源相關研究單位所關切的重點，優養化是其中最常見的問題，而優養化和水中的營養鹽與藻類的生長有關，藻類在短時間內大量生長則稱之為藻華現象，會嚴重影響水庫水質。本研究以動態模擬的方法來探討光線、溫度、營養鹽等限制因子及水體混合情形對藻類生長的影響。本研究將環境因子的空間梯度納入考慮，以動態系統模擬軟體STELLA建立分層系統模式，用以模擬2000~2003年翡翠水庫大壩表水的總藻體積變化以及三種藻種共存系統之體積變化的情形。以2001年的藻類實測資料校正模式參數，以2000、2002及2003年的資料進行驗證。 總藻模擬的校正結果良好，但驗證結果欠佳。以敏感度分析來探討環境因子對藻類的生長影響，發現磷供應是其中較為關鍵的因素，因現場資料不足亦可能是模擬欠佳的原因之一。三種藻種共存的結果顯示，在非穩態的條件下競爭排斥效應並不一定會發生。將分層模式改為完全混合模式，與原分層模式兩者所進行的穩態分析結果加以推理探討，本研究認為「環境因子的時間變異性與空間變異性有利於不同藻種共存」的想法應該是對的，且可用以解釋現實世界中生物多樣性的存在。 後續研究可嘗試改變分層的方式以檢驗混合機制對模擬的影響。另外，以實驗方式研究非穩態系統下，各藻類的生長參數以及其限制因子，對於藻類生長模式的發展應該甚有幫助。Water quality in reservoirs is an important issue of concern interms of water supply nowadays. Abnormally high amount of phytoplankton in water, is one of the causes of water quality deterioration. Concentration of phytoplankton may increase greatly in a short period of time once the conditions in water are suitable for its growth. Light, temperature, nutrients and mixing conditions are key factors controlling algae growth. How they affect the growth of phytoplankton was studied by the method of dynamic modeling in this study. A conceptual stratified system was established to mimic the reservoir water column which showed gradients of environmental factors. Modeling tool, STELLA, was utilized to simulate the variation of the total volume of phytoplankton, and the volume of each of the three algal groups. Field data were collected in the surface water near the dam in Feitsui Reservoir. Data in 2001 were used for calibration and data in 2000, 2002 and 2003 were used for validation. Calibration of the dynamic model was successful but the validation of the model was not satisfying. The results of sensitivity analyses are helpful to the understanding of the relationship between algae growth and the environmental factors. One of the sensitive factors is phosphorus supply, a process controlled by mixing and the concentration underneath the euphotic layer. Due to the lack of field investigation and available data, poorly calibrated mixing coefficient might account for the unsuccessful validation. There was co-existence of three different algal species under non-steady state condition and competitive exclusion was not necessarily to happen. The analyses of the stratified model and the completely mixing model indicate that the variation on time and space may help to the co-existence of multible species. This may be one of the reasons why biodiversity is maintained in the real world. To improve the simulation results, different approaches of segmentation of the water column as well as the experiments to investigate the influences of growth parameters of phytoplankton under non-steady state deserve a try in the future.中文摘要 英文摘要 目錄………………………………….……………………….………..I 表目錄…………………………………………………………………..V 圖目錄……………………………………………………………....VI 第一章 前言…………………………………………..….……….1-1 1-1 研究緣起…………………………………………………….…1-1 1-2 發展模式之目的………………………………..…...………1-2 第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………….…….2-1 2-1 模式生長限制因子…………………...……………………..2-1 　2-1-1 營養鹽………………………..……………………………2-1 　2-1-2 溫度………………………………………..………………2-4 　2-1-3 光線……………………………………………..…………2-6 2-2 環境因子對藻類族群結構的影響…………………………….2-7 2-2-1 種間競爭與共存理論……………………………………..2-7 2-2-2 環境因子之空間梯度………..………………............2-8 2-2-3 環境因子隨時間變化……………...……………………...2.9 2-2-4 藻類競爭優勢、族群演替與環境的關係………….….…2-9 　　　2-2-4-1 營養鹽、溫度與光線………………………………2-9 2-2-4-2水體混合的影響……………………………………..2-10 2-3藻類動態模擬之相關文獻…………………………………….2-12 2-4 研究目的與內容…………………………...……………....2-13 第三章 研究方法……………………………...………………….3-1 3-1 研究流程………………………...……………………………3-1 3-2 水體模擬範圍………………………………………………...3-2 3-3 系統建立.........................……………........3-3 3-4 分層模式架構…………………………………………………3-6 3-4-1 藻類生長速率………………………………….………..3-6 3-4-2 藻類消失速率………….………………………………...3-7 3-4-3 藻類層間混合………………….………………………...3-7 3-4-4 磷鹽濃度變化…………………..………………..………3-8 3-4-5 分層藻類生長模式………………………………….….3-10 3-5 模式參數……………………………………………………..3-11 3-5-1 表水日照強度(I0)………………….……………………3-13 3-5-2 混合係數.................……………..............3-13 3-6 模式輸入實測資料………………………………………….3-17 3-6-1 溫度、透明度、深層磷鹽濃度……….….……………3-17 3-6-2 藻類體積………………………………………………..3-17 3-7 動態系統模擬..................…………..........3-18 第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………4-1 4-1 水質資料分析…………………………………………...…4-1 　4-1-1 藻類組成變化………………………................4-1 　4-1-2 討論……………......…………..................4-3 　4-1-3 水質與總藻體積變化的關係……………………..……4-12 　　4-1-3-1 磷鹽濃度與透明度….….……….……………4-12 　　4-1-3-2 混合速率………………….……………….……….4-15 4-2 大壩採樣點表水總藻類生長模擬…………..………...……4-22 4-2-1 總藻模擬結果.....................……………......4-22 4-2-2 參數範圍檢討………………………..………………....4-22 4-3 總藻模擬結果討論..............……………..........4-26 　4-3-1 總藻參數的代表性……………….………………….…4.26 　4-3-2 實測資料對模擬結果的敏感度分析…………......4-28 　　4-3-2-1 深層磷濃度…………….…………………………..4-29 　　4-3-2-2 磷混合係數…………………….…………………..4-31 　4-3-3 模式分層與藻類層間混合…………..…………....4-35 　4-3-4 參數敏感度分析……………………………….……….4-37 4-4 三種藻類共存模擬….……............................4-43 　4-4-1 不同藻種的生長參數……………..………………....4-43 　4-4-2 模擬結果及討論………………………….…………….4-44 4-5 藻類共存研究……………………………………………….4-47 　4-5-1 完全混合的藻類共存系統分析………..………………4-47 　4-5-2 完全混合的藻類共存系統穩態條件分析………......4-48 4-5-3 分層的藻類共存系統穩態條件分析………….…….....4-49 4-5-4 完全混合系統穩態結果數學推導…………………..…4-52 第五章 結論與建議……………………..…………………..…..5-1 　5-1 結論………...………………………….……………….…5-1 　5-2 建議…………………...………………….……………….5-2 參考文獻……...............………….....................6-1 附錄A 營養鹽層間混合係數計算值……………..…….附-1 附錄B 各藻種體積計算值………….…………………..附-73432981 bytesapplication/pdfen-US混合係數藻類STELLA動態模擬翡翠水庫生物多樣性限制因子mixing coefficientbiodiversityFeitsui ReservoirPhytoplanktongrowth limiting factordynamic modeling[SDGs]SDG6thesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/62722/1/ntu-93-R91541106-1.pdf