林明鏘臺灣大學：法律學研究所吳爾文Wu, Erh-WenErh-WenWu2007-11-262018-07-052007-11-262018-07-052007http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/52590跟蹤監視為警察蒐集資訊的方式之一，且行之有年，跟監對人民基本權造成干預之事實長期未受重視，直到民國91年6月25日公布之警察職權行使法，始有以「防止犯罪」為目的之行政警察跟監規定，但警察為偵查犯罪所實施之跟監，仍然欠缺法律依據；由於警察在人民不知悉之情況下，以秘密方式實施跟監，將對人民之隱私權、行動自由、資訊自決權及人性尊嚴造成侵害，尤其是現代型科技跟監，使用全球衛星定位系統等高科技儀器，能夠毫無遺漏地追蹤掌握目標物，使人民無所循形，侵害程度更為嚴重，基於法治國家原則，警察跟監應如同其他干預基本權之國家公權力措施，遵守法律保留原則與比例原則，甚至受司法令狀原則之拘束，研究並參考日本、美國、德國等國有關警察跟監之法院判決及相關法律規定，爰就犯罪偵查之跟監規定，提出立法建議，冀望我國警察職權行使之法制更趨完備。The police have conducted surveillance and tailing to collect personal information for decades. The issue that police surveillance and tailing would encroach on human rights was ignored until the enactment of the Police Duties Enforcement Act (hereinafter the Act) on June 25, 2002. Art. 11 of the Act stipulate the requirements of administrative police surveillance and tailing for the purpose of criminal prevention. As to the police surveillance and tailing for the purpose of criminal investigation, there has been no statue regulating this field yet. Because police surveillance and tailing are conducted covertly without people’s consent, it is likely to encroach on the right to privacy, the freedom of movement, the right to self-determination on personal information and human dignity. With the use of modern technology such as GPS, police surveillance and tailing can track the target precisely and therefore cause severe encroachment on human rights. According to the principle of rule of law, police surveillance and tailing should be regulated, abide by the principle of proportionality and even writ just as other state measures which influences human rights. After researching and taking the court rulings and statues of Japan, United States and Germany as reference, the draft article of police surveillance and tailing in criminal investigation is advanced in this thesis so as to suffice the legal system of police authority in Taiwan.目 錄 口試委員審定書……………………………………………………i 謝辭…………………………………………………………………ii 中文摘要……………………………………………………………iii 英文摘要……………………………………………………………iv 第一章 緒論………………………………………………………1 第一節 研究動機與目的………………………………………1 第二節 研究架構………………………………………………2 第三節 研究方法………………………………………………3 第四節 研究範圍………………………………………………4 第五節 研究限制………………………………………………5 第二章　警察跟監之基本概念……………………………………6 第一節 跟監之意義與類型……………………………………6 第二節 警察任務與跟監………………………………………10 第三節 跟監對基本權利之干預………………………………21 第四節 我國警察跟監之法令依據……………………………39 第五節　小結……………………………………………………54 第三章　傳統型警察跟監與攝影之規範－以日本法為中心……56 第一節　偵查之基本原則………………………………………56 第二節 強制偵查與任意偵查之區別…………………………65 第三節　警察跟監之依據………………………………………72 第四節　警察跟監併用拍照攝影之適性………………………81 　第五節　小結……………………………………………………89 第四章 警察運用電子追蹤儀器跟監之特殊題…………………93 第一節　前言……………………………………………………93 第二節　美國執法人員運用電子追蹤儀器跟監之規範………95 第三節 德國警察運用電子追蹤儀器跟監之規範……………108 第四節 我國警察運用電子追蹤儀器跟監之適法性…………113 　第五節　小結……………………………………………………124 第五章　結論與立法建議…………………………………………127 第一節　結論……………………………………………………127 第二節　立法建議………………………………………………128 參考文獻……………………………………………………………133en-US警察職權行使法跟蹤監視蒐集資訊隱私行動自由犯罪偵查the Police Duties Enforcement Acttailingsurveillancecollect informationprivacythe freedom of movementcriminal investigation.[SDGs]SDG16thesis