Li, Mu-HsuanMu-HsuanLiNguyen, Nguyen Van BaoNguyen Van BaoNguyenYu-Chen OuTsai, Tung-ChunTung-ChunTsai2025-08-282025-08-282025-11-1501410296https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105012500771&origin=resultslisthttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/731679This study develops simple and practical equations for predicting the expected maximum moment strength of reinforced concrete (RC) columns, addressing the limitations of prior research which predominantly focused on normal-strength materials with constrained datasets. Leveraging an extensive database of 297 RC columns, including both normal-strength and high-strength materials across a wide range of axial load ratios, the study meticulously analyzes critical parameters governing moment strength enhancement. The proposed equation, statistically formulated from actual material strengths, incorporates an overstrength factor that accounts for the influence of axial load effects, ensuring robust applicability across both normal- and high-strength materials. This methodology yields conservative yet accurate predictions, demonstrably outperforming existing design codes (ACI 318–19, AASHTO LRFD 2024) and prior scholarly investigation. Furthermore, two simplified design equations are introduced, tailored for practical application in scenarios where only specified material strengths are accessible, thereby facilitating efficient and reliable engineering design.falseAxial load ratioCompression-controlledExpected maximum momentHigh-strengthNormal-strengthOverstrength factorTension-controlled[SDGs]SDG11journal article10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.1210472-s2.0-105012500771