Huang S.-MChen W.-CTsai Y.-TWu E.FSHIH-YUAN CHEN2022-04-252022-04-252021https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124382037&doi=10.1109%2fAPMC52720.2021.9661732&partnerID=40&md5=734962a22eb87def9a7a59e7e41d297dhttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/607304A wireless ultrasound-microwave-fused phase synchronization (UMPS) method for antenna elements in a UAV-based phased array is presented in this paper. The UMPS includes multiple non-connected modules that follow a leader-follower scheme for positioning and phase synchronization. The only leader is the reference point, to which followers locate their relative position by Time-of-Flight of ultrasound calibrated with microwave signal and synchronize its phase by on-board phase shifters. With a synchronized phase, the UMPS modules can form a phased array with a variable spatial arrangement of antenna elements. In this work, the prototype UMPS exhibits a root-mean-square (RMS) positioning error at 14 mm and a 7.5° RMS phase error for synchronizing a 433 MHz continuous wave RF signal, which is satisfactory for forming a UAV-based phased array. ? 2021 IEEE.Phased arraysPhased shiftersUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)Antenna phased arraysPhase shiftersSynchronizationAntenna elementLeader-followerPhase synchronizationPhased shifterPhased-arraysReference pointsRelative positionsRoot Mean SquareSynchronization methodUnmanned aerial vehicleUltrasonics[SDGs]SDG7[SDGs]SDG11conference paper10.1109/APMC52720.2021.96617322-s2.0-85124382037