沈冬臺灣大學:音樂學研究所林倚如Lin, Yi-JuYi-JuLin2010-05-052018-05-292010-05-052018-05-292008U0001-2407200816414400http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/178975臺灣藝旦為在宴飲場合擔任陪侍侑酒之工作，並以其才藝著稱，其中音樂之藝更為基本訓練。她們在臺灣的起始時間並無定論，但在日治時期之活動則有大量的紀錄，其活動已有許多學者關注，但並無為音樂作深入探討者。本文將以日治時期的報章、相關文獻及有聲資料為材料，對於她們音樂活動以至於曲目樂種作廣泛的討論。文將從共時性及歷時性兩方面來建構出藝旦音樂活動之概念，再從藝旦所唱的曲目作樂種的分類，討論不同場合所呈現的樂種差異，並從她們使用的樂器重新審視音樂表演內容，以建立其音樂的全貌。之後將範圍縮至藝旦小曲，討論其曲目與客家小調及北管幼曲之相關性，試圖探求小曲之可能來源。並使用歷史錄音為研究文本，探討其唱奏詮釋，並比較其與流行歌曲之特色，最後歸納出藝旦實為臺灣音樂文化之收納者。本文循著「音樂活動→音樂種類→小曲」的主題，再從小曲的研究，重新審視藝旦所處之社會脈絡，由大到小，再由小觀大，可說為本論文欲完成的研究脈絡。Stating by their talent and skill, Yi-dan (literally ”Taiwanese geisha”) was basically trained in musical art, and hold the post of the banquet attendant. There are no ultimate conclusion about the outset time of Yi-dan, but huge amount of records in Japanese colonial period and the activities of Yi-dan has been attentitive by many scholars; however, further research on the topic of their music was absent. This research will discuss broadly from the musical activities to the repertoire and genre of Yi-dan, on the basis of the newspapers, relevant reference and musical data.his research will firstly construct the concept about musical activities of Yi-dan in synchronic and diachronic approches. Secondly, in order to construct the whole picture of music of Yi-dan, this research will classify the genre of repertoire performed by Yi-dan and discuss the differences of genre performed in varied places. Thirdly, through the discussion above, the range of research would be focused to the xiao-qu (ditties) of Yi-dan, and try to explore the possible origins of xiao-qu by discussing the relevance of repertoire of xiao-qu, Hakka xiao-tiao and Bei-guan you-qu. The text of research is historical recording, in which the interpretations of performance will be discussed, and comparing its peculiarity with pop music. Finally, the conclusion of this research is that the role of Yi-dan is the reflector of Taiwanese musical culture. The context of the research is located in music, for considering both the micro and macro level of the social background, starting from its activities and music genres to xiao-qu, then through the research of xiao-qu to re-examine the social context of Yi-dan.目 錄試委員會審定書....................................... i謝................................................... ii文摘要............................................... ivbstract............................................... v錄................................................... vi一章 緒論............................................1一節 研究動機與目的.................................. 1二節 文獻回顧........................................ 5三節 研究方法與研究限制.............................. 11四節 章節架構與名詞使用.............................. 13二章 藝旦及其音樂的歷史回顧..........................16一節 藝旦的興起與發展............................... 17二節 藝旦的表演方式與場合........................... 41結................................................... 59三章 由曲目看藝旦音樂的呈現..........................64一節 藝旦音樂之曲目類別.............................. 65二節 藝旦音樂與演出空間.............................. 93三節 藝旦音樂與樂器.................................. 97四節 常演藝旦曲目及其特點............................ 111結................................................... 121四章 藝旦小曲之探討................................. 123一節 小曲的定義...................................... 125二節 藝旦小曲與客家小調、北管幼曲曲目之探討...........128三節 藝旦小曲及其錄音的分析.......................... 151四節 藝旦小曲在京劇及亂彈中的戲劇運用................ 175結................................................... 179五章 結論........................................... 181考資料............................................... 185錄錄一 廣播節目表..................................... 198錄二 南管曲目表..................................... 205錄三 梆子劇目表..................................... 209錄四 女班比較表..................................... 210錄五 唱片目錄表..................................... 214錄六 北曲比較表..................................... 217錄七 曲目資料表..................................... 228錄八 藝旦演出表..................................... 286錄九 採譜........................................... 318目錄1 藝旦裝扮藝閣的模樣，上面的藝旦手中拿著胡琴。...... 462 秋蟾照。.......................................... 543 寶惜校書。........................................ 544 幼良照。.......................................... 545 舉辦田都元帥祭典的新舊爐主—阿粉與新月鄉。........ 896以【一疋綢】小調為旋律的【應元麻病丸】，是以小曲重新詞的廣告。.......................................... 92 7 藝旦彈南管琵琶的模樣。........................... 100 8 藝旦手抱南管琵琶。............................... 100 9 一八九六年名牌藝旦阿鳳與北管琵琶。............... 101 10 藝旦經常使用的樂器︰北管琵琶和三絃。............. 103 11 左起為三絃、月琴、北管琵琶、簫、吊鬼仔、琵琶、琵琶。................................................... 104 12 陳進，《合奏》，1934年，絹．膠彩，200 x 177公分。.105 13 藝旦北管小型絲竹樂隊︰北管琵琶、吊規仔、絃子、鼓板琵琶。............................................... 105 14 藝旦組成的絲竹樂隊，包括了笛子、殼仔絃、琵琶、吊鬼等。..................................................107 15 南管的二絃。.................................... 107 16 北管樂器︰提絃、和絃。........................... 107 17 圖中藝旦彈奏揚琴，曲師拿胡琴類樂器。............. 108 18 介紹【嘆煙花】之報導。........................... 153 19 【嘆烟花】之「將奴家賣在」頻譜圖。............... 155 10 「嘆煙花」三字頻譜圖。............................156 21 「媽做」頻譜圖。..................................157 22 阿樓【記得當初】片斷頻譜圖。......................158 23 蔡小月唱法頻譜圖。................................158 24 打嘟嚕振幅圖。....................................162 25 有音高變化的打嘟嚕振幅圖。........................162 26 張福興樂譜介紹。..................................167 27 【女告狀】之介紹。................................167 28、29、30、31 一九二四年張福興出版的樂譜，包括封面、詞、樂譜解說及東西樂譜對照。..........................168目錄格 1 報導中的音樂類別。................................66格 2 《陳三五娘》相關曲目。............................74格 3 北曲樂器分類表。..................................98格 4 藝旦演奏揚琴之紀錄。.............................109格 5 《二進宮》及《三進宮》演出紀錄。.................113格 6 天水關演出紀錄。.................................115格 7 三娘教子演出紀錄。...............................116格 8 《綠牡丹》與《宏碧緣》演出紀錄。.................117格 9 《貴妃醉酒》演出紀錄。...........................118格 10 梅派劇目演出紀錄。..............................119格 11 小曲曲目表。....................................129格 12 藝旦小曲與北管幼曲、客家小調及八音的比較。......138格 13 【嘆煙花】的歌詞比較。..........................154格 14 【九連環】的歌詞比較表。........................164格 15 藝旦咬字對照表。................................165格 16 藝旦阿椪所唱【女告狀】與張福興所記的歌詞對照。..166application/pdf17785463 bytesapplication/pdfen-US藝旦音樂藝旦小曲北管幼曲客家小調時調Yi-dan musicYi-dan xiao-quBei-guan you-quHakka xiao-tiaocontemporary tune (shi-tiao)http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/178975/1/ntu-97-R93144003-1.pdf