梁庚辰臺灣大學:心理學研究所紀筑云Chi, Chu-YunChu-YunChi2010-05-042018-06-282010-05-042018-06-282009U0001-2201200915234100http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/178703杏仁核被認為是處理恐懼及焦慮記憶的重要神經結構，但其在處理酬賞行為上亦扮演重要角色，因此，杏仁核內的神經單元如何表徵正向與負向的情緒記憶成為一值得探討的議題。本研究利用抑制行逃避作業及酬賞所引發的地點偏好作業來探討此議題。在實驗一至實驗三於行為作業的訓練階段之前或之後給予河豚毒素抑制杏仁核的活動，或是於行為學習作業前毀除杏仁核，結果顯示壓抑或毀除杏仁核會有礙於兩項作業的學習。在實驗四中，我們進一步紀錄杏仁核在此兩項學習作業階段中神經元活性的變化，實驗結果顯示，在學習階段後，杏仁核內部分神經細胞分別表現出興奮性或是抑制性神經活動的變化，其中部分細胞甚至於學習階段後並經過一段等待時間才開始表現出神經細胞反應的變化。同時，在學習階段後亦發現杏仁核內神經細胞的反應變化有側化的現象。在學習測試階段中，雖然只有少數神經細胞表現出反應活性的改變，但這些神經細胞分別只對抑制型逃避作業或是酬賞作業表現出反應活性的變化，這顯示正向與負向情緒刺激分別由杏仁核內兩群不同的神經細胞負責處理。本研究證實正向或負向的情緒經驗記憶處理都需要杏仁核細胞的參與，但是正向與負向情緒經驗分別涉及不同的細胞。The amygdala is well documented to mediate defensive behavior under fear and anxiety, but its role in appetitive behavior may be just as important according to the literature. A question arises whether the amygdala codes positive and negative stimuli in the same or different population of neurons. This study addressed this issue by examining involvement of the amygdala in an inhibitory avoidance task and a reward place preference task. In the first three experiments, we suppressed or lesioned the amygdala by microinfusion of tetrodotoxin or ibotenic acid before or after training on either task and verified that the amygdala was required to learn both tasks adopted. In the fourth experiment, the single unit activity was recorded from amygdala neurons at various phases of the two tasks we designed. It was shown that while some neurons responded with excitation or inhibition immediately after either one of the two tasks, other neurons did not change their firing rate unit a delay period of time. Furthermore, lateralized activation of the amygdala was detected after training. In the retention period, the individual responsive neurons also changed their firing rates either in the reward test or in the avoidance test and few neurons responded to both the reward and the avoidance tasks. Thus positive and negative stimuli were processed by two distinct populations of amygdala neurons. These findings shed lights on how the amygdala neurons represent various kinds of emotional experience.中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………ibstract………………………………………………………………………………iiintroduction…………………………………………………………………………..1 The multifactor-analytic theory of emotion……………………………………...2 The amygdala as a key structure involved in aversive memories………………..3 Amygdaloid neuronal activities in another form of aversive learning the inhibitory avoidance task…………………………………………………….6 The role of amygdala in processing reward and positive reinforcement in primates………………………………………………………………………9 The role of amygdala in processing reward and positive reinforcement in rodents……………………………………………………………………....11 Differential processing of reward and positive reinforcement by amygdala subnuclei in rodents…………………………………………………………12 Amygdala is related to the food-induced place preference tasks……………….14 The goals and strategies of this study…………………………………………...15aterial and Methods………………………………………………………………17ubjects………………………………………………………………………....17 Drugs……………………………………………………………………………17 Surgery and drug administration………………………………………………..18 Recording electrode assembly and surgery for implantation microwires………20 Electrophysiological recordings………………………………………………...21 Single-unit spike sorting………………………………………………………..22 Reward place preference task…………………………………………………...25 Inhibitory avoidance task……………………………………………………….26 Histology………………………………………………………………………..27 Statistical analysis of behavior………………………………………………….28 Data analysis of unit activity……………………………………………………28xperiments and Results…………………………………………………………...31. Effects of pre-training intra-amygdala infusion of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the onditioned place preference and inhibitory avoidance tasks………………31. Effects of post-training intra-amygdala infusion of TTX on the conditioned lace preference and inhibitory avoidance tasks……………………..…….35. Effects of amygdala lesions with ibotenic acid on conditioned place reference and inhibitory avoidance tasks…………………………...……..42. Ensemble activity of amygdaloid neurons on conditioned place preference nd inhibitory avoidance tasks……………………………………………...49iscussion…………………………………………………………………………..78 suitable place preference task for reward learning…………………………..79tability of the recording units…………………………………………………81parse coding in the amygdala for reward and aversive learning by different population of neurons………………………………………………………82rolonged changes in neuronal activities in the post-training periods………….85ateralization of brain function in the amygdala……………………………….87uture direction: Delineate the role of the amygdala in a temporal and spatial network of affective memory……………………………………………….89eferences…………………………………………………………………………...93application/pdf1331121 bytesapplication/pdfen-US情緒地點偏好神經細胞活性紀錄側化大鼠emotionplace preferencesingle-unit recordinglateralizationratshttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/178703/1/ntu-98-R93227122-1.pdf