國立臺灣大學政治學系暨研究所黃錦堂2006-07-252018-06-282006-07-252018-06-282004-07-31http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/13838台灣鄰避設施設廠所遭遇的抗爭，真正的問題，在於環評程序太過粗糙，而 且實質上也欠缺地區整體的資訊充當決行的標準；鮮少進行上位的政策環境影響 評估，以致於對於興建與否的必要性常有爭議；而目的事業主管機關的決策（尤 其有關興建的合目的性）根本不透明，標準不明，不易取信人民。 其他的問題，在於回饋的法制化、爭訟保障、資訊公開、事後監督不足、業者「一 次發照而終身享用」嚴重化了設廠的爭議（一次便決定日後終身與全部），此外 則是不良的政治/行政/社會結構：社會力普遍不足，但偶有表現，且可望改善、 地方政府（的出席人員）討論能力不足、經濟開發壓力、政治氣氛、政治議程， 以及誠信不足。 在政策建議上，首先，應針對前述制度，加以改革。在現況下，得適度使用 公害防止協定。協議中得訂入民眾參與監督的條文，以及業者違反時之嚴重的懲 罰金、相關人員交付懲處的條文與停工復工等的詳細程序—總之，任何民眾的疑 慮以及解決之道，均得訂入。在個案開發案的共識（最後得表現為協議）的形成 過程中，當地民代的參與難以根絕，也無必要根絕或以敵對態度視之，而是以前 述的法制的改革之後的制度，歡迎其協助形成地方的民意。最後，我國應建立重 大開發案的政策環評；我國並應就重大開發案之有無開發必要（亦即合目的性） 加以建立明確的指標或指引，而這也局部與各主要鄰避案件的政策領域的政策環 評的落實有關；我國也應經由完整的教育與論壇而建立國民環保/經濟開發之間 的一個共識，這問題因為環保團體對開發的不良記憶、各專業領域不斷分殊化與 台灣地狹人稠以致於開發案的外部不利益性一般十分嚴重，而呈現惡化中。NIMBY（not in my backyard）problems are still flushing in Taiwan. The local people are apt to be opposed to and even block facilities with hazardous character, whatever kinds they are. The block can hinder the construction of necessary infrastructures and stop the flow-in of foreign investments, which endanger the prosperity of the national welfare. This research focuses on the legal design and capacity-building about the siting problem, and that through the examples of the waste plants and traffic facilities projects in Germany. The Federal Republic of German develops a set of legal instruments, characteristic with highly legalized public hearing process. The authority will charge the pollutant with the obligations to build up the necessary protective facilities resulting from EIA-process（Environmental Impact Assemen）and RIA-process (regional impact assessment), and, when necessary, the compensation fees. And besides, the The Federal Republic of German adopts, with exact paragraphs in relevant laws, the strategic planning.The german courts exercise through judgements the power of monitoring the administration.The active social society also helps to solve the problem of siting. The German Repblic devices Vorbescheid, Teilgenehmigungen as instrument for exact examination of the NIMBY plants. Even when the permit-procedure is over and the plant is now working, the citizens can demand extra necessary protective facilities, when necessarily, the authority can also demand the same on its own active evaluation, when it turns out to be necessary according to the relevant science.About all the institutions mentioned each above, Taiwan has had a basic legal framework, but all too rough in comparision to those of the Federal Republic of German mentioned above. NIMBY is also a problem out of the bad memories of the local public, and remains a problem out of the democratizing process. Beside the legal details, Taiwan faces problems in political-social dimensions: the rents seeking of the local political elites, the lower degree of the participation of local people- and the insufficient guarantie thereof, and the lack of consenses about the way of environmental protection and economic development.application/pdf651707 bytesapplication/pdfzh-TW國立臺灣大學政治學系暨研究所鄰避性設施鄰避設施鄰避效益鄰避現象廠址選定選址計畫確定裁決計畫確定裁決程序行政程序法行政訴訟法行 政法院不確定法律概念裁量程序瑕疵控制密度審查密度社區主義社區補償回饋風險環境影響評估NIMBYYIMBYEnvironmental ProtestEnvironmental DisputesSitingRisk assesmentCompensationAdministrative Procedure ActEnvironmental Impact Assement[SDGs]SDG8[SDGs]SDG11reporthttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/13838/1/922621Z002032.pdf