顏厥安Yen, Chueh-An臺灣大學:法律學研究所林中鶴Lin, Chung-HeChung-HeLin2010-05-052018-07-052010-05-052018-07-052009U0001-1808200916165000http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/179619權力與規範是一組在政治哲學與法理論中都很重要的概念,而在法理論的領域內主要是通過法的觀點來提出對這對概念的理解,在那裡問題就呈現為法律權力、授權規範與它們彼此之間關係的問題。英語世界中,以Hofheld為始雖然很早已經展開對法律權力的概念分析工作,不過一般認為要等到Bentham的《On laws in General》出版以後,我們才擁有對法律權力概念相對完整而徹底的討論。另外,Kelsen也從純粹法學的理論立場,對法律權力概念提出過相當精彩的闡述;Spaak則是從分析法學的理論立場,對法律權限概念進行完整而詳盡的整理。本論文因此是先從整理這三位理論家的觀點起手,再從法律權力的內外側面對法律權力從事初步刻劃。本論文認為,無論法律權力是否必然來自規範,對法律權力的完整理解不能夠獨立於規範,其中最主要的當然就是授權規範。為了徹底解明授權規範的性質,本論文首先考察何謂規範的功能,並在此一視角下逐一分析Hart、von Wright與Searle對於規範種類的論述。在前述研究的基礎上,本論文主張授權規範在規範的功能、意義的面向上都顯示出不能化約為義務規範的獨立性質,甚至也無法化約為容忍意義的許可規範。相對地,本論文建議我們有可能可以從承諾意義的許可規範來為授權規範找到一個適當的理論定位。論文的主要論旨在於,在一方面,法律權力的本質是一種技術,是通過授權規範所建立起的化約複雜性的機制;另一方面,授權規範卻不能夠化約為義務規範,也不能夠化約為容忍意義的許可規範,傾向與實質的價值和利益產生連繫。這似乎在提醒我們,從人民服從法律的義務這個觀點出發,授權規範不僅在性質上獨立於義務規範,似乎也在重要性上優先於義務規範。Power and norm is an significant pair of concepts in both political philosophy and legal theory. In the realm of legal theory, this pair of concepts is mainly represented as the query of the concept of legal power, power-conferring norm, and their correlation from the perspective of the legal.n Anglophone areas, Hofheld is the first one who dealt with the conceptual study of the concept of legal power, but it is not until Bentham that man can get comparatively comprehensive picture and insight of the concept of legal power. Besides, Kelsen, who stands firm in the stance of pure theory of law, also offers a excellent theoretical description of it; Spaak, instead, offers a rather complete and thorough discussion as to the explication of it. This thesis, therefore, from investigating the theoretical conceptions of legal power suggested by the above three scholars, tries to preliminarily define the concept of legal power from both outside and inside aspects.his thesis, however, insists that a complete understanding of the concept of legal power cannot be without the reference to the concept of power-conferring norm, even if a legal power does not necessarily come from a norm. In order to explain the nature of power-conferring norm, it first investigates the issue of what normative function means, and goes on to the study of the different theoretical understandings and evaluation of the nature and status of power-conferring norm. On the basis of the aforementioned investigation, this thesis claims that both in the perspective of its function or meaning, it seems power-conferring norm enjoys a independent status from duty-imposing norm, and cannot even more be reduced to permissive norm of the sense of tolerance. Contrarily, it suggests that it probable and desirable for us to find a proper place for power-conferring norm in the theory of legal system.he main purpose of this thesis is to show: on the one hand, the nature of legal power is a kind of technique constructed by power-conferring norms to reduce the complexity of legal decision or the realization of law; on the other hand, the nature of power-conferring norm is, notwithstanding, irreducible to that of duty-imposing one, not to mention to that of permissive one of tolerance, and is susceptible of substantial values and interests. It seems, I think, to remind us that, considering concerns of the obligation to obey the law, power-conferring norm is not only independent of duty-imposing one as to its nature, but also seems to be prior to it in respect of its significance.一、序論 1一)問題意識 1.法律權力與授權規範概念在法理論與政治哲學上的一般重要性 1.法律權力與授權規範概念在法理論研究上的現況與方向 2.法律權力與授權規範概念研究在法學思維上的法實證論傾向 5二)本文論點與論文架構 7.本文論點 7.本文架構 9、法律權力的概念 13一)Hart論Bentham的法律權力概念 15.Hart對Bentham法律權力概念研究的高度評價 15.支配的權力與命令的權力 16.1支配權力(power of contrection)與自由(liberty)的區分問題 17.2命令的權力如何能夠包括像是任命、契約締結或者財產讓渡的權力呢? 19三)Kelsen的法律權力概念 20. 國家權力作為法律權力(legal power) 20. 權利、授權、能力、權限與法律權力 22. 小結:行使法律權力作為創造或適用規範 25四)Spaak的法律權限概念 26. Spaak探討權限概念的背景、觀點與方法 26. 對權限概念的分析 28. 對權限概念的闡釋 30.1 權限與效力 30.2 權限的擁有 32.3 權限的行使 34. 對權限概念的分類 37.1 自律權限(autonomous competence)與他律權限(heteronomous competence) 37.2 規範創造權限(norm-creating competence)與管制權限(regulative competence) 38.3 權限(competence)與權利(right) 39五)小結 42. 支配權力與法律外的自由 42. 規範創造權力與管制權力 44 、授權規範的概念 49一)法與法規範的功能 49. 法、法律體系、法律、法規範、與法條 49. 法的社會功能 52. 法規範的社會功能 55二)規範的分類 57. 初級規則(primary rules)與次級規則(secondary rules) 57.1 課與義務的初級規則 57.2 授與權力的次級規則 59.3 對Hart規則概念與分類的評論 61. 規則(rules)、規定(prescriptions)與指示(directives) 63.1 法概念與規定性(the prescriptive)/描述性(the descriptive)的區分 64.2 規則(rules)、規定(prescriptions)與指示(directives) 65.3 規範(norms)與更高階的規範(norms of higher order) 65.4 對von Wright 規範概念與分類的評論 68. 構成規則(constitutive rules)與管制規則(regulative rules) 72.1 構成規則與管制規則 72.2 對Searle規則概念與分類的評論 74三)授權規範的規範地位:命令、許可或授權? 76. 授權規範是否為義務規範 79.1 授權規範的無效與義務規範的制裁 79.2 授權規範是義務規範內容的一部分 81.3 規範的功能就在提供人類行動引導 82. 授權規範是否為許可規範 85、代結論:從理性建構法律體系內在構造的意義上授權規範應該享有充分獨立的規範地位 89. 法律權力 89. 授權規範 91. 代結論:從規範性的再考慮而來的初步反省 94考文獻 97application/pdf534013 bytesapplication/pdfen-US法律權力法律權限規範授權規範授與權力規範義務規範課與義務規範legal powerlegal competencenormpower-conferring normcompetence normduty-imposing norm法律權力與授權規範Legal Power and Power-conferring Normthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/179619/1/ntu-98-R94a21003-1.pdf