Haba, YukiYukiHabaKorlević, PetraPetraKorlevićMcAlister, EricaEricaMcAlisterLawniczak, Mara K NMara K NLawniczakSchumer, MollyMollySchumerRose, Noah HNoah HRoseMcBride, Carolyn SCarolyn SMcBrideAardema, Matthew LMatthew LAardemaAfonso, Maria OMaria OAfonsoAgramonte, Natasha MNatasha MAgramonteAlbright, JohnJohnAlbrightAlho, Ana MargaridaAna MargaridaAlhoAlmeida, Antonio P GAntonio P GAlmeidaAlout, HaouesHaouesAloutAlten, BulentBulentAltenAltinli, MineMineAltinliAmara Korba, RaoufRaoufAmara KorbaAndreadis, Stefanos SStefanos SAndreadisAnghel, VincentVincentAnghelArich, SoukainaSoukainaArichArsenault-Benoit, ArielleArielleArsenault-BenoitAtyame, CélestineCélestineAtyameAubry, FabienFabienAubryAvila, Frank WFrank WAvilaAyala, DiegoDiegoAyalaAzrag, Rasha SRasha SAzragBabayan, LilitLilitBabayanBear, AllonAllonBearBecker, NorbertNorbertBeckerBega, Anna GAnna GBegaBejarano, SophiaSophiaBejaranoBen-Avi, IraIraBen-AviBenoit, Joshua BJoshua BBenoitBoubidi, Saïd CSaïd CBoubidiBradshaw, William EWilliam EBradshawBravo-Barriga, DanielDanielBravo-BarrigaBueno-Marí, RubénRubénBueno-MaríBušić, NatašaNatašaBušićČabanová, ViktoriaViktoriaČabanováCabeje, BrittanyBrittanyCabejeCaputo, BeniaminoBeniaminoCaputoCardo, Maria VMaria VCardoCarpenter, SimonSimonCarpenterCarreton, ElenaElenaCarretonChouaïbou, Mouhamadou SMouhamadou SChouaïbouChristian, MichelleMichelleChristianCoetzee, MaureenMaureenCoetzeeConner, William RWilliam RConnerCornel, AntonAntonCornelCulverwell, C LornaC LornaCulverwellCupina, Aleksandra IAleksandra ICupinaDe Wolf, KatrienKatrienDe WolfDeblauwe, IsraIsraDeblauweDeegan, BrittanyBrittanyDeeganDelacour-Estrella, SarahSarahDelacour-EstrellaDella Torre, AlessandraAlessandraDella TorreDiaz, DeboraDeboraDiazDool, Serena ESerena EDoolDos Anjos, Vitor LVitor LDos AnjosDugassa, SisaySisayDugassaEbrahimi, BabakBabakEbrahimiEisa, Samar Y MSamar Y MEisaElissa, NohalNohalElissaFallatah, Sahar A BSahar A BFallatahFaraji, AryAryFarajiFedorova, Marina VMarina VFedorovaFerrill, EmilyEmilyFerrillFonseca, Dina MDina MFonsecaFoss, Kimberly AKimberly AFossFoxi, CiprianoCiprianoFoxiFrança, Caio MCaio MFrançaFricker, Stephen RStephen RFrickerFritz, Megan LMegan LFritzFrontera, EvaEvaFronteraFuehrer, Hans-PeterHans-PeterFuehrerFutami, KyokoKyokoFutamiGhallab, Enas H SEnas H SGhallabGirod, RomainRomainGirodGordeev, Mikhail IMikhail IGordeevGreer, DavidDavidGreerGschwind, MartinMartinGschwindGuarido, Milehna MMilehna MGuaridoGuat Ney, TeohTeohGuat NeyGunay, FilizFilizGunayHaklay, EranEranHaklayHamad, Alwia A EAlwia A EHamadHang, JunJunHangHardy, Christopher MChristopher MHardyHartle, Jacob WJacob WHartleHesson, Jenny CJenny CHessonHiga, YukikoYukikoHigaHolzapfel, Christina MChristina MHolzapfelHonnen, Ann-ChristinAnn-ChristinHonnenIonica, Angela MAngela MIonicaJones, LauraLauraJonesKadriaj, PërparimPërparimKadriajKamal, Hany AHany AKamalKamdem, ColinceColinceKamdemKaragodin, Dmitry ADmitry AKaragodinKasai, ShinjiShinjiKasaiKavran, MihaelaMihaelaKavranKhater, Emad I MEmad I MKhaterKiene, FrederikFrederikKieneKim, Heung-ChulHeung-ChulKimKioulos, IliasIliasKioulosKlein, AnnetteAnnetteKleinKlemenčić, MarkoMarkoKlemenčićKlobučar, AnaAnaKlobučarKnutson, ErinErinKnutsonKoenraadt, Constantianus J MConstantianus J MKoenraadtKothera, LindaLindaKotheraKreienbühl, PaulinePaulineKreienbühlLabbé, PierrickPierrickLabbéLachmi, ItayItayLachmiLambrechts, LouisLouisLambrechtsLandeka, NediljkoNediljkoLandekaLee, Christopher HChristopher HLeeLessard, Bryan DBryan DLessardLeycegui, IgnacioIgnacioLeyceguiLundström, Jan OJan OLundströmLustigman, YoavYoavLustigmanMacIntyre, CaitlinCaitlinMacIntyreMackay, Andrew JAndrew JMackayMagori, KrisztianKrisztianMagoriMaia, CarlaCarlaMaiaMalcolm, Colin AColin AMalcolmMarquez, Ralph-Joncyn ORalph-Joncyn OMarquezMartins, DinoDinoMartinsMasri, Reem AReem AMasriMcDivitt, GillianGillianMcDivittMcMinn, Rebekah JRebekah JMcMinnMedina, JohanaJohanaMedinaMellor, Karen SKaren SMellorMendoza, JasonJasonMendozaMerdić, EnrihEnrihMerdićMesler, StaceyStaceyMeslerMestre, CamilleCamilleMestreMiranda, HomerHomerMirandaMiterpáková, MartinaMartinaMiterpákováMontarsi, FabrizioFabrizioMontarsiMoskaev, Anton VAnton VMoskaevMu, TongTongMuMöhlmann, Tim W RTim W RMöhlmannNamias, AliceAliceNamiasNg'iru, IvyIvyNg'iruNgangué, Marc FMarc FNganguéNovo, Maria TMaria TNovoOrshan, LaorLaorOrshanOteo, José AJosé AOteoOtsuka, YasushiYasushiOtsukaPanarese, RossellaRossellaPanareseParedes-Esquivel, ClaudiaClaudiaParedes-EsquivelParonyan, LusineLusineParonyanPeper, Steven TSteven TPeperPetrić, Dušan VDušan VPetrićPilapil, KervinKervinPilapilPou-Barreto, CristinaCristinaPou-BarretoPuechmaille, Sebastien JSebastien JPuechmailleRadespiel, UteUteRadespielRahola, NilNilRaholaRaman, Vivek KVivek KRamanRedouane, HamadoucheHamadoucheRedouaneReiskind, Michael HMichael HReiskindReissen, Nadja MNadja MReissenRice, Benjamin LBenjamin LRiceRobert, VincentVincentRobertRuiz-Arrondo, IgnacioIgnacioRuiz-ArrondoSalamat, RyanRyanSalamatSalamone, AmyAmySalamoneSarih, M'hammedM'hammedSarihSatta, GiuseppeGiuseppeSattaSawabe, KyokoKyokoSawabeSchaffner, FrancisFrancisSchaffnerSchultz, Karen EKaren ESchultzShaikevich, Elena VElena VShaikevichSharakhov, Igor VIgor VSharakhovSharakhova, Maria VMaria VSharakhovaShatara, NaderNaderShataraSibataev, Anuarbek KAnuarbek KSibataevSicard, MathieuMathieuSicardSmith, EvanEvanSmithSmith, Ryan CRyan CSmithSmitz, NathalieNathalieSmitzSoriano, NicolasNicolasSorianoSpanoudis, Christos GChristos GSpanoudisStone, Christopher MChristopher MStoneStudentsky, LioraLioraStudentskySulesco, TatianaTatianaSulescoTantely, Luciano MLuciano MTantelyThao, La KLa KThaoTietze, NoorNoorTietzeTokarz, Ryan ERyan ETokarzKUN-HSIEN TSAITsuda, YoshioYoshioTsudaTurić, NatašaNatašaTurićUhran, Melissa RMelissa RUhranUnlu, IsikIsikUnluVan Bortel, WimWimVan BortelVardanyan, HaykuhiHaykuhiVardanyanVavassori, LauraLauraVavassoriVelo, EnkelejdaEnkelejdaVeloVenter, MarietjieMarietjieVenterVignjević, GoranGoranVignjevićVogels, Chantal B FChantal B FVogelsVolkava, TatsianaTatsianaVolkavaVontas, JohnJohnVontasWard, Heather MHeather MWardWasi Ahmad, NazniNazniWasi AhmadWeill, MylèneMylèneWeillWest, Jennifer DJennifer DWestWheeler, Sarah SSarah SWheelerWhite, Gregory SGregory SWhiteWipf, Nadja CNadja CWipfWu, Tai-PingTai-PingWuYu, Kai-DiKai-DiYuZimmermann, ElkeElkeZimmermannZittra, CarinaCarinaZittra2026-01-052026-01-052025-10-23https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/735029Understanding how life is adapting to urban environments represents an important challenge in evolutionary biology. In this work, we investigate a widely cited example of urban adaptation, form , also known as the London Underground mosquito. Population genomic analysis of ~350 contemporary and historical samples counters the popular hypothesis that originated belowground in London <200 years ago. Instead, we show that first adapted to human environments aboveground in the Mediterranean or Middle East over the course of more than 1000 years, possibly in association with ancient agricultural civilizations of the Middle East. Our results highlight the role of early human society in priming taxa for contemporary urban evolution. They also provide insight into whether and how contributes to West Nile virus transmission in modern cities.enadaptationdisease transmissionevolutionary biologymosquitopopulation bottleneckpopulation geneticsurban ecosystemWest Nile virusjournal article10.1126/science.ady451541129649