Chieh-Lung ChengCHI-YUAN YAOHuang, Po-HaoPo-HaoHuangCHIH-WEI YUFang, Wei-QuanWei-QuanFangChuang, Wen-HuiWen-HuiChuangHung, Yu-ChinYu-ChinHungSHANG-JU WUCHENG-HONG TSAIYU-JEN LINWEN-CHIEN CHOUHWEI-FANG TIENSHAN-CHI YU2023-01-102023-01-102022-12-080007-1048https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/627086The increased expression of programmed death-ligands 1 and 2 (PD-L1 and PD-L2, respectively) on tumour cells contributes to immune evasion, suggesting that these proteins are attractive therapeutic targets. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and soluble PD-L2 (sPD-L2) as biomarkers for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We determined the CSF concentrations of sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 in 46 patients with PCNSL using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A control group comprised 153 patients with other brain tumours, inflammatory/infectious status, or neurodegenerative diseases. Only CSF sPD-L1 levels were significantly higher in patients with PCNSL relative to the controls. CSF sPD-L1 also exhibited superior overall discrimination performance compared to CSF sPD-L2 in diagnosing PCNSL. Compared with patients with PCNSL with low CSF sPD-L1 levels, more patients with high levels had high serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, leptomeningeal involvement, and deep-brain involvement. Furthermore, CSF sPD-L1 could predict poor survival in PCNSL but CSF sPD-L2 could not. Intriguingly, CSF sPD-L1 levels were correlated with disease status and their dynamic changes post treatment could predict time to relapse. In conclusion, this study identified CSF sPD-L1 as a promising prognostic biomarker, indicating a therapeutic potential of PD-L1 blockade in PCNSL.enbiomarker; cerebrospinal fluid; primary central nervous system lymphoma; soluble PD-L1; soluble PD-L2[SDGs]SDG3[SDGs]SDG16journal article10.1111/bjh.18598364804312-s2.0-85144027854WOS:000895136100001