Lin C.-L.JIA-HORNG KAO2021-09-042021-09-0420171521-6918https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019411425&doi=10.1016%2fj.bpg.2017.04.010&partnerID=40&md5=ba217ce7efe765c2a8067a10cd661586https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/581877Molecular epidemiologic studies reveal remarkable differences in the geographical distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes. The frequency of mutants among HBV genotypes also varies. The role of HBV genotypes/mutants in the pathogenesis of HBV infection and natural history of HBV infection has been extensively investigated. The distribution of HBV genotypes in acute hepatitis B patients reflects the predominant genotypes in a given geographic area. In chronic hepatitis B patients, genotype C and D have a higher frequency of basal core promoter A1762T/G1764A mutations than genotype A and B. HBV genotypes C, D and F carry a higher lifetime risk of cirrhosis and HCC development than genotype A and B. HBV pre-S/S gene mutations were associated with immune escape of hepatitis B immunoglobulin or vaccine-induced immunity. Mutations in the pre-S, core promoter and X regions correlate with an increased risk of cirrhosis and HCC. In summary, HBV genotypes and mutants are associated with the disease progression and long-term outcome of HBV infection. They may serve as viral genetic markers for risk stratification of chronic hepatitis B patients in clinical practice. ? 2017 Elsevier LtdChronic hepatitis B; Cirrhosis; Genotype; HBV mutant; Hepatitis B virus (HBV); Hepatocellular carcinoma[SDGs]SDG3hepatitis B antibody; hepatitis B surface antigen; hepatitis B vaccine; hepatitis B(e) antigen; acute hepatitis B; chronic hepatitis B; chronicity; clinical practice; drug treatment failure; genetic marker; genetic variability; geographic distribution; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B virus genotype A; Hepatitis B virus genotype B; Hepatitis B virus genotype C; Hepatitis B virus genotype D; human; liver cell carcinoma; molecular epidemiology; pathogenesis; Review; seroconversion; virus mutant; chronic hepatitis B; disease exacerbation; genotype; hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; liver tumor; mutation; pathogenicity; risk factor; virology; Disease Progression; Genotype; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Mutation; Risk Factorsreview10.1016/j.bpg.2017.04.010287744062-s2.0-85019411425