劉懷勝Liu, Hwai-Shen臺灣大學:化學工程學研究所趙玹紳Chao, Hsuan-ShenHsuan-ShenChao2010-06-302018-06-282010-06-302018-06-282009U0001-1808200910184700http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/186939本論文主要是提供另一種有效增加丁醇產量的方法,藉由利用通空氣於經同調化培養之含有Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum 的產孢培養基,探討其增加丁醇產量與可能原因。據實驗結果,經由同調化培養,在亨格試管中、培養溫度為36℃,入適量的空氣,可以增加丁醇的產量,而增加通氣頻率,也可以增加丁醇的產量,以通氣條件為0.1 mL/4hr 時有最高產量,八天後溶劑濃度約可達14.0 g/L(其中丁醇濃度為11.1 g/L),推測可能原因為通入微量的空氣,會造成氧氣逆境(oxygen stress)使菌由短細胞轉變為延長細胞,造成丁醇產量的增加。當提升培養溫度至C. thermosaccharolyticum 生長最適溫度56℃時,通入適量的空氣,可以增加溶劑的產量,以通氣條件為0.3 mL/4hr有最高產量,三天約可達9.2 g/L 溶劑(其中丁醇濃度為7.5 g/L),雖然丁醇產量較36℃低,但培養時間縮短。用氧氣分率的觀念,培養溫度為36℃,以3L 醱酵槽作製程放大的養。通氣條件為6.9 mL/hr(八天後氧氣分率為0.0800),溶劑產量約可達15.8 g/L(其中丁醇濃度為11.3 g/L)。提升培養溫度為56℃,通氣條件為6.9 mL/hr,溶劑產量約可達14.8 g/L(其中丁醇濃度為7.9 g/L)高可溶性碳源,不論培養溫度為36℃或56℃,溶劑產量並無隨之加,可能是基質抑制效應。然而,增加不可溶性碳源(石蠟油),培養溫度為56℃,通氣條件為0.2 mL/8hr,可達15.5 g/L 溶劑產量(其中丁醇濃度為9.9 g/L);相同條件下,培養溫度為36℃,通氣條件為0.2 mL/8hr,溶劑產量可達16.7 g/L 溶劑(其中丁醇濃度為10.2 g/L),其原因是增加不可溶性碳源,不會造成基質抑制效應,菌可以利用的碳源增加了,丁醇產量也就增加了。若改變初始產孢培養基的酸鹼值,隨著酸鹼值下降,丁醇產量亦下降。此外,提高起始延長細胞比例或菌濃度,在有通空氣條件下,不論培養溫度為36℃或56℃,溶劑產量並無隨之增加。In this research, we provided an alternative method to enhance the production of butanol, and scrutinized and examined the reasons why purging with trace amount of air to sporulation culture of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum synchronized by a sequential dilution process can increase the amount of butanol.xperimental results indicated that the amount of solvent production (ethanol and butanol) increased by air injection and increasing the frequency of air injection in Hungate tube at 36℃. With 0.1 mL-air/4hr condition, the production of solvents was found to be 14.0 g/L(butanol 11.1 g/L) after 8 days cultivaion. At 56℃, with 0.3 mL-air/4hr condition, the production of solvents was found to be 9.2 g/L(butanol 7.5 g/L) after 3 days cultivaion.e used the concept of oxygen molar ratio to scale-up the sporulation culture into 3L fermentor. In 3L fermentor at 36℃, the production of solvents was found to be 15.8 g/L(butanol 11.3 g/L) after 8 days cultivaion and purging with 6.9 mL-air/hr condition, and the molar ratio of oxygen was 0.0800. In 3L fermentor at 56℃, the production of solvents was found to be 14.8 g/L(butanol 7.9 g/L) after 3 days cultivaion with 6.9 mL-air/hr condition.ecause of the substrate inhibition on soluble carbon source, the production of butanol did not increase when increasing the concentration of calcium gluconate. However, increasing the amount of insoluble carbon source such as, paraffin oil would increase the production of solvents. At 56℃, the production of solvents was found to be 15.5 g/L(butanol 9.9 g/L) with 0.2 mL-air/8hr condition. At 36℃, the production of solvents was found to be 16.7 g/L(butanol 10.2 g/L) with 0.2 mL-air/hr condition. We found the production of butanol decreased while a series of sporulation culture prepared at descending the initial pH value from 6.5 to 4.0. Besides, increasing the initial ratio of elongated cell or the cell concentration, the production of solvents did not increase with air injection at 36℃or 56℃.致謝 .........................i文摘要 .........................iibstract .........................ivv錄 .........................vii目錄 .........................ixx目錄 .........................xix一章緒論 .. 1.1 研究背景 ......................... 1.2 研究目的 ......................... 2二章文獻回顧..................... 3-1 ABE 醱酵(Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Fermentation)和丁醇毒害 ........ 3-1-1 ABE 醱酵 ............ 3-1-2 丁醇特性與丁醇毒害(butanol toxicity) ............ 7-2 Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum 的生理特性 ........ 7-2-1 Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum 的簡介........... 7-2-2 Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum 的細胞分化 ..... 10-2-3 Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum 的產孢過程和修正型分裂 ... 12-2-4 Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum 代謝途徑之轉換 ... 13-2-5 Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum 分解石蠟油的可能途徑 ....... 19-2-6 Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum 的優點......... 22-3 同調化培養(Synchronous Culture) ................... 22-3-1 同調化培養(Synchronous Culture) ............... 22-3-2 Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum 同調化培養的簡介 ............... 24-4 通氣、氧氣對於厭氧菌的影響 ............ 25三章實驗藥品、儀器與分析方法 ............. 29-1 菌種 ......................... 29-2 培養基的成分與製備 . 29-3 實驗儀器 ..................... 32-4 藥品 .. 32-5 分析方法 ..................... 32-5-1 細胞生長測定與形態變化之觀察 ................. 32-5-2 醱酵產物之分析 ..................... 33-5-3 GC 之操作條件 ................. 33-6 實驗步驟 ............... 34-6-1 同調培養 ...... 34-6-2 非同調培養 .. 35-6-3 3 公升醱酵槽 ........................... 35-6-4 通氣培養 ...... 39-6-5 改變初始不同酸鹼值(pH 值)對丁醇產量的影響 .... 39-6-6 延長細胞比例對丁醇產量的影響 ................... 39-6-7 添加丁醇對於Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum 的影響 ....... 40-6-8 NADH 氧化酶活性測定 ......... 40-6-9 NADH 氧化酶初步純化 ......... 41-6-10 蛋白質電泳 ........................... 41四章結果與討論............... 44-1 同調化培養 ................. 44-2 通空氣對Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum 形態變化與丁醇產量的影響 ... 46-2-1 36℃,固定總通氣量,改變不同通氣頻率 ..... 51-2-1-1 固定通氣量為0.9 mL/day,改變不同通氣頻率 ........ 51-2-1-2 固定通氣量為0.6 mL/day,改變不同通氣頻率 ........ 56ig. 4-2-3(a) Changes of cell concentration in Hungate tube at 36℃ with air-injection 0.6 mL/day. ...... 57-2-1-3 固定通氣量為0.3 mL/day,改變不同通氣頻率 ....... 60-2-1-4 固定通氣量為0.15 mL/day,改變不同通氣頻率 ...... 64-2-1-5 固定通氣量為1.2、1.5 mL/day ............... 67-2-2 固定總通氣量,改變不同通氣頻率對於非同調化Clostridiumhermosaccharolyticum 形態變化與丁醇產量的影響 .......... 71-2-2-1 非同調化培養,固定通氣量為0.9 mL/day,改變不同通氣頻率 ..................... 71-2-2-2 非同調化培養,固定通氣量為0.6 mL/day,改變不同通氣率 ..................... 76-2-2-3 非同調化培養,固定通氣量為0.3 mL/day,改變不同通氣率 ..................... 81-2-3 高溫(56℃)培養,通空氣對Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum 生長與丁醇產量的影響 ....... 87-2-3-1 56℃,固定通氣頻率,改變總通氣量 ............ 87-2-4 應用於3L 醱酵槽 ...................... 92-2-4-1 3L 醱酵槽,培養溫度為36℃,連續通氣,改變總通氣量.. 93-2-4-2 3L 醱酵槽,培養溫度為56℃,連續通氣,改變總通氣量.................. 97-3 溶劑產量與通氣總量、通氣頻率關係 ................ 103-3-1 培養溫度為36℃,溶劑產量與通氣總量、通氣頻率關係... 103-3-2 培養溫度為56℃,溶劑產量與通氣總量、通氣頻率關係.......................... 106-3-3 氧氣分率與單位菌濃度的產量 .................. 110-4 氧氣對於對數生長期的影響 .............. 114-5 增加碳源對丁醇產量的影響 .............. 121-5-1 添加石蠟油(paraffin oil)對丁醇產量的影響 ...... 121-5-2 添加葡萄糖酸鈣(calcium gluconate)對丁醇產量的影響 ...... 127-6 改變初始不同酸鹼值(pH 值)對丁醇產量的影響 ... 133-7 延長細胞比例對丁醇產量的影響 ...... 136-8 添加丁醇對於Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum 的影響.............. 149-9 溶劑產量與碳源轉化率 ...................... 157-9-1 溶劑產量 ......... 157-9-2 碳源轉化率 ..... 163amp;#63851;考文獻 ...173錄A 血球計數盤使用方法 ........................ 181錄B 間歇性通入氮氣 ......... 184錄C 校正曲線 ..................... 187錄D NADH oxidaes 的活性測定、電泳圖 ......................... 1893022631 bytesapplication/pdfen-US丁醇發酵熱梭孢桿菌氧氣逆境Clostridium thermosaccharolyticumbutanoloxygen stress氧氣對於Clostridium Thermosaccharolyticum醇產量的影響Effect of Oxygen on the Butanol Production of Clostridium Thermosaccharolyticumthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/186939/1/ntu-98-D91524002-1.pdf