2017-09-012024-05-16https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/667646摘要：本計畫的長期目標，是要建立甘藍的高通量篩選平台以加速育種，我們設計以較容易定量的甜味性狀為示範性的育種目標。甘藍的甜味，是判斷鮮食品質的主要指標。由於台灣生產的甘藍是熟食用品種，因而造成出口的障礙。若要使台灣能打入甘藍的外銷市場，就必須選育適合台灣栽培的鮮食品種，然而育甘藍新種至少需約10年，因此亟需建立能加速育種的平台。 要利用分子輔助加速育種，本計畫的策略是：(1)建立甘藍的高效基因型鑑定平台，及(2)評估種原之性狀。近期研究以基因體資料開發晶片或以高通量定序，鑑定甘藍與青花菜的基因型，然而該方法尚未真正應用於甘藍的育種上。種原方面，日本的甜甘藍品系，是商業上有較佳甜味的品系。依此可假設：甜甘藍的甜味受遺傳控制，且可被數量型指標描述。 要測試上述假設，具體目標為： 1. 以數量型性狀鑑定甜甘藍與一般甘藍品系 建立可量化指標，如可溶性固形物、醣類及相關基因之表達量。 2. 生產同質二倍體 以花粉培養來生產同質二倍體，且可為未來育種之潛力親本。 3. 評估不同高通量平台在甘藍基因型鑑定之優劣 以三種平台與數個品系甘藍來評估，以擬定較佳鑑定的策略。 以上目標，可以對遺傳特性、種原及高通量平台建立三項得到成果，以加速甘藍育種。 <br> Abstract: The major goal of this project is to accelerate cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) breeding through establishment of a high-throughput marker-assisted selection (MAS) platform for cabbages. Here, we design an approach by setting high sweetness as a breeding objective. This objective is very likely to be attained because sweetness can easily be quantified. Sweetness is a key flavor to define high quality cabbages for eaten in fresh. A primary obstacle of Taiwanese cabbage exports is that the major cabbage cultivars in Taiwan are for cooking. To fit Taiwan into a list of cabbage exporting countries, new cabbage breeds that suitable to be cultivated in Taiwan must be selected. However, establishment of a new cabbage cultivar at least costs 10 years. Such long breeding processes must be accelerated in order to expand Taiwan vegetable exports. To shorten breeding duration with molecular breeding, our strategies are: (i) to establish a high-throughput genotyping platform for cabbages, and (ii) to assess traits of collected germplasms. Recent studies utilize public available brassica genomic database to develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray and to utilize genotyping-by-sequencing for genotyping cabbage and broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica). However, this approach has not been broadly applied for cabbage breeding. Regarding germplasms, Japanese commercialized cultivars of sweet cabbages have been stated with higher sugar content and better sweetness. Based on these, we hypothesized that sweetness of sweet cabbages is contributed by genetic inheritance and correlated with several quantitative indexes. To test this hypothesis, our specific aims are: 1. To determine lines of sweet cabbages and regular cabbages with quantitative traits We will associate sweetness to quantifiable traits, such as contents of total soluble solid and sugars, as well as expression levels of genes related to these metabolic pathways. 2. To generate homozygous diploid cabbages We will generate homozygous lines from doubled haploids with microspore cultures. These homozygous lines will be potential parental lines for breeding. 3. To assess high-throughput genotyping platforms for cabbages We will assess three high-throughput genotyping platforms by genotyping several cabbages germplasms. The assessment will be used to optimize high-throughput genotyping strategy. The aims outlined in this proposal will provide the necessary knowledge of quantitative inheritance of sweetness, potential germplasms, and a high-throughput genotyping platform to accelerate cabbage breeding.分子輔助選拔(MAS)甘藍甜味育種molecular-assisted selection (MAS)cabbagesweetnessbreeding