Panjabi, M.M.M.M.PanjabiIvancic, P.C.P.C.IvancicTominaga, Y.Y.TominagaWang, J.-L.J.-L.WangJAW-LIN WANG2020-02-262020-02-262005https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/464303Objective. Intervertebral Neck Injury Criterion (IV-NIC) is based on the hypothesis that dynamic three-dimensional intervertebral motion beyond physiological limits may cause multiplanar injury of cervical spine soft tissues. Goals of this study, using a biofidelic whole human cervical spine model with muscle force replication and surrogate head in simulated side impacts, were to correlate IV-NIC with multiplanar injury and determine IV-NIC injury threshold for each intervertebral level. Methods. Using a bench-top apparatus, side impacts were simulated at 3.5, 5, 6.5, and 8 g horizontal accelerations of the T1 vertebra. Pre- and post-impact flexibility testing in three-motion planes measured the soft tissue injury, i.e., significant increase (p < 0.05) in neutral zone (NZ) or range of motion (RoM) at any intervertebral level, above corresponding physiological limit. Results. IV-NIC in left lateral bending correlated well with total lateral bending RoM (R = 0.61, P < 0.001) and NZ (R = 0.55, P < 0.001). Additionally, the same IV-NIC correlated well with left axial rotation RoM (R = 0.50, P < 0.001). IV-NIC injury thresholds (95% confidence limits) varied among intervertebral levels and ranged between 1.5 (0.6-2.4) at C3-C4 and 4.0 (2.4-5.7) at C7-T1. IV-NIC injury threshold times were attained beginning at 84.5 ms following impact. Conclusions. Present results suggest that IV-NIC is an effective tool for determining multiplanar soft tissue neck injuries by identifying the intervertebral level, mode, time, and severity of injury. Copyright ? 2005 Taylor & Francis Inc.Biomechanics; Cervical Spine; Intervertebral Neck Injury Criterion; IV-NIC; Side Impact[SDGs]SDG3article; cervical spine injury; disease classification; intervertebral articulation; neck injury; range of motion; soft tissue injury; spine mobility; traffic accident; vertebra; Acceleration; Accidents, Traffic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomechanics; Cadaver; Cervical Vertebrae; Female; Humans; Intervertebral Disk; Male; Models, Biological; Soft Tissue Injuries; Trauma Severity Indicesjournal article10.1080/153895805002571002-s2.0-31644437962https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-31644437962&doi=10.1080%2f15389580500257100&partnerID=40&md5=0d7c6c1852b415f64993101d35b7f69b