指導教授:范光照臺灣大學:機械工程學研究所孫文波Sun, Wen-PoWen-PoSun2014-11-292018-06-282014-11-292018-06-282014http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/263315旋轉軸的使用目前已經被廣泛地應用在工業,像是機器人手臂、工具機或三次元量測儀。一些曲面切削,如蝸輪機葉片或螺紋,現在都可以透過多軸工具機來完成。而為了進一步提高工具機的精度,必要探討旋轉軸的幾何誤差,因此如何量測到旋轉軸幾何誤差是一個關鍵。目前已經不少學者提出各種旋轉軸幾何誤差的量測方法,當中有些方法更是可以達到相當高的解析度。 在本研究中,首先建立了旋轉軸幾何誤差的量測系統,可以量測旋轉軸偏擺誤差與偏心誤差。偏擺誤差量測系統有三種方法,分別是使用千分錶、多面稜鏡搭配自動視準儀和塊規搭配自動視準儀三種。偏心誤差量測系統有兩種方法,分別是使用千分錶搭配標準球,以及使用雷射光、四象限感測器再搭配角耦稜鏡作為反射鏡。在量測過程中,一些架設誤差會導致量測結果的不穩定,因此必須盡可能減小或排除。從量測結果的分析與比對中,可以評估量測方法的可靠性。另外也在這些量測結果中,找出旋轉軸幾何誤差之間的關聯。這些結果可作為日後分析旋轉軸誤差的基礎。Rotary axes are widely used in industry, such as in robotic arm, machine tool and coordinate measuring machines (CMM). The cutting of special curved surface, like turbine blade or helical thread, could be performed through multi-axis machine tool. To improve the accuracy of machine tools, it is important to research on the geometry errors of rotary axes. Consequently, how to measure the accuracy of rotary table is essential. There are some measurement systems that had been developed and some systems can reach high resolution. In this study, several measurement systems have been developed, some can measure tilt error and the others can measure eccentric error. There are three kinds of tilt error measurement systems, one using dial gauge, another using polygon and autocollimator, the other using gauge block and autocollimator. There are two kinds of eccentric error measurement system, one using dial gauge and master ball, another using laser diode, QPD and corner cube as reflector. In the measurement process, some setting errors cause the measurement results unstable. Therefore, it is important to minimize or eliminate setting error. Through the analysis and comparision of measurement results, it can be used to evaluate the reliability of the measurement system, and find out the correlation between linear errors and angle errors of axes. The result can be used as the basis of analyzing the errors of rotary axis in the future.目錄 誌謝 i 摘要 iii ABSTRACT iv 目錄 v LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES xii 第一章 緒論 1 1-1. 研究動機與目的 1 1-2. 文獻回顧 4 1-2-1 非接觸式旋轉軸誤差量測 4 1-2-2 五軸工具機幾何誤差量測 9 1-3. 研究方法與內容概要 13 第二章 實驗儀器與設備 14 2-1. 感測器 14 2-1-1 自動視準儀 14 2-1-2 自動視準儀校正 17 2-1-3 位移感測器 20 2-2. 旋轉台 20 2-2-1 旋轉台介紹 20 2-2-2 定位精度與重複精度 21 2-2-3 盤面偏心校正 23 2-3. 多面稜鏡(polygon) 24 2-3-1 多面稜鏡校正標準 24 2-3-2 多面稜鏡誤差校正 – 夾角誤差 25 第三章 量測系統 28 3-1. 旋轉台偏擺量測系統 28 3-1-1 量測系統架設 28 3-1-2 偏擺模擬與分析 30 3-1-3 偏擺量測結果 38 3-2. 旋轉軸偏心量測系統 41 3-2-1 量測系統架設 41 3-2-2 偏心量測系統校正 42 3-2-3 偏心量測結果 45 第四章 誤差分析 47 4-1. 接觸式量測誤差 47 4-2. 光學量測系統誤差 50 4-2-1 雷射光 50 4-2-2 分光鏡 51 4-2-3 四象限感測器 52 4-3. 公轉誤差 53 第五章 結果與討論 55 5-1. 偏擺誤差量測 55 5-2. 偏擺誤差與偏心誤差的關聯 58 第六章 結論與未來展望 60 6-1. 結論 60 6-2. 未來展望 60 References 613120267 bytesapplication/pdf論文公開時間:2019/08/08論文使用權限:同意無償授權旋轉軸旋轉台幾何誤差量測系統旋轉台幾何誤差之量測與探討Research on measurement of geometry errors on rotary tablethesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/263315/1/ntu-103-R01522706-1.pdf