Ju Y.-R.Chen W.-Y.CHUNG-MIN LIAO2020-01-142020-01-1420120304-3894https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/448831The role of cadmium (Cd) bioaccessibility in risk assessment is less well studied. The aim of this study was to assess human health risk to Cd through inhalation and seafood consumption by incorporating bioaccessibility. The relationships between trophically available Cd and bioaccessibility were constructed based on available experimental data. We estimated Cd concentrations in human urine and blood via daily intake from seafood consumption and inhalation based on a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. A Hill-based dose-response model was used to assess human renal dysfunction and peripheral arterial disease risks for long-term Cd exposure. Here we showed that fish had higher bioaccessibility (~83.7%) than that of shellfish (~73.2%) for human ingestion. Our results indicated that glomerular and tubular damage among different genders and smokers ranged from 18.03 to 18.18%. Our analysis showed that nonsmokers had 50% probability of peripheral arterial disease level exceeding from 3.28 to 8.80%. Smoking populations had 2-3 folds higher morbidity risk of peripheral arterial disease than those of nonsmokers. Our study concluded that the adverse effects of Cd exposure are exacerbated when high seafood consumption coincides with cigarette smoking. Our work provides a framework that could more accurately address risk dose dependency of Cd hazard. ? 2012 Elsevier B.V.Bioaccessibility; Cadmium; Inhalation; Risk assessment; Seafood consumption; Smoking[SDGs]SDG3[SDGs]SDG14Adverse effect; Bioaccessibility; Cd concentrations; Cigarette smoking; Daily intake; Dose dependency; Dose-response models; Experimental data; Human exposure risks; Human health risks; Human urine; Inhalation; Peripheral arterial disease; Renal dysfunction; Seafood consumption; Smoking; Cadmium; Physiological models; Risk assessment; Meats; cadmium; bioavailability; blood; cadmium; dose-response relationship; fish; food consumption; health risk; ingestion rate; morbidity; numerical model; pollution effect; pollution exposure; respiration; risk assessment; risk factor; seafood; shellfish; smoking; urea; adult; article; blood; controlled study; exposure; female; food intake; gender; glomerulopathy; health hazard; human; inhalation; kidney dysfunction; kidney tubule damage; male; morbidity; peripheral occlusive artery disease; risk assessment; sea food; shellfish; smoking; urine; Animals; Bivalvia; Cadmium; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Fishes; Food Contamination; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Kidney Diseases; Male; Models, Biological; Ostreidae; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Risk Assessment; Seafoodjournal article10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.0602-s2.0-84862672261https://www2.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862672261&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhazmat.2012.05.060&partnerID=40&md5=63055ba43ae6d55b021b2b61d47519be