李鴻源臺灣大學:土木工程學研究所翁明儀Weng, Ming-YiMing-YiWeng2007-11-252018-07-092007-11-252018-07-092005http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/50262以往研究的成果,主要是針對二維泥砂顆粒與平底床顆粒的碰撞行為以及泥砂顆粒的運動型態作探討(Garcia and Nin(1994,1998)、陳彥旭(1998)、游景雲(1999)),已獲得不錯之成果。在有關三維泥砂運行與躍移之研究,本研究群(林穎典(2000)、李博甯(2001)、王筱雯(2002)),均假設底床為規則顆粒組成之平坦床形,建立一包含底床碰撞與空間碰撞之三維多顆粒連續躍移數值模式,藉此模式探討顆粒躍移之運動特性。然而一般明渠中,底床床型會依流速的不同而呈現包括平整(flat bed)、沙紋(ripple)、沙丘(dune)、沙浪(antidune)及急灘與深潭(chutes and pools)等不同型式,不同型式的床型會對近床區域的流況造成影響,進而影響到推移載顆粒的運動情形。本研究針對沙丘(dune) 底床型態的三維泥砂顆粒躍移行為及其間的碰撞機制進行探討,藉助三維動態影像數位元化系統來建立一套在沙丘底床型態下之二維單顆粒躍移模式,並和過去所發展相互比較,希望能對泥砂顆粒躍移運動有更進一步的瞭解。A series of studies regarding the two dimensional collision mechanism with the channel bed and among the saltating particles were conducted by Garcia and Nino(1994, 1998) and our group (Chen 1998, You 1999). The simulation results are satisfactory. For past years, our group (Lin 2000, Lee 2001, Wang 2002) had extended the experiments to three dimensional conditions. The bed forms of our previous experiments were flat bed and formed by uniformly distributed sediment particles. However, the bed forms in natural rivers vary with different flow conditions. Different types of bed forms, were observed, namely, flat bed, ripple, dune, antidune, and chutes and pools. Particles saltation characteristics will definitely be different under different bed formation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the three dimensional saltation characteristics on a dune bed, with special attention on the collision behaviors between the saltating particles and the channel bed and interparticle collision behaviors. A three dimensional flow visualization technique will be modified and upgraded in this study to measure the three dimensional saltation trajectories on a dune bed. Basing on these data, a two dimensional saltation model for single sediment particle will then be developed. This model will be very helpful in the study of bed load transport.第一章 導論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機 1 1.3 研究目的 3 1.4 文獻回顧 3 第二章 沙丘床型躍移顆粒碰撞理論 12 2.1 沙丘前人理論分析 12 2.2 躍移顆粒與沙丘型底床碰撞理論 13 第三章 顆粒躍移實驗 17 3.1 三維動態影像數位元化系統簡介 17 3.2 兩台CCD相機同步攝影之原理 19 3.3 實驗校準 20 3.4 實驗設備 21 3.5 試驗條件 22 3.6 實驗方法 23 3.7 影像分析 24 第四章 躍移實驗結果分析 26 4.1 因次分析 26 4.2 單一顆粒躍移實驗結果 28 4.3 顆粒躍移與底床碰撞結果 31 4.4 單顆粒與三顆粒之躍移行為結果分析 34 第五章 二維沙丘型底床單一顆粒躍移模式 36 5.1 流場的建立 36 5.2 顆粒運動方程式 38 5.3 躍移模式結果分析 42 第六章 沙床型躍移模式之模擬結果與討論 44 6.1 單一顆粒躍移軌跡探討 44 6.2 沙床型躍移模式之模擬 44 第七章 結論與建議 47 7.1 結論 47 7.2 建議 50 參考文獻 52 附表 58 附圖 68 符號說明 1122894549 bytesapplication/pdfen-US推移載躍移碰撞機制三維動態影像數位化系統沙丘Bed loadSaltation3-D flow visualization techniqueDune沙丘型底床泥砂顆粒躍移模式研究Investigations of particles saltating process on dune bedsthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/50262/1/ntu-94-R92521312-1.pdf