Ho T.-J.CHUN-PIN CHIANGHong C.-Y.SANG-HENG KOKKuo Y.-S.YEN-PING KUO2021-07-052021-07-0520001368-8375https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033841509&doi=10.1016%2fS1368-8375%2800%2900031-2&partnerID=40&md5=b26808f7a82e002d639438183fb91946https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/569221To investigate the mechanisms of areca quid (AQ)-induced carcinogenesis, expression of c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes was examined in human oral mucosal fibroblasts after exposure to areca nut extracts (ANE) or arecoline. We found that treatment of cells with 200 μg/ml ANE or 10 μg/ml arecoline for 1 h induced about three-fold increase in c-jun mRNA levels. This increase was transient and the level of c-jun mRNAs returned rapidly to control levels thereafter. However, ANE and arecoline did not induce c-fos mRNA expression at detectable levels. During AQ chewing, oral mucosal cells are continuously stimulated by ANE and arecoline. Persistent induction of the c-jun protooncogene by ANE and arecoline may be one of the mechanisms in the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan. Furthermore, we observed that pre-incubation of cells with either N-acetyl-cysteine [a glutathione (GSH) precursor] or L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (a specific inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis) had a minimal effect on arecoline-induced c- jun expression. Therefore, arecoline-induced c-jun expression is independent of GSH depletion. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.[SDGs]SDG3acetylcysteine; arecoline; buthionine sulfoximine; glutathione; messenger RNA; protein c jun; article; betel nut; carcinogenesis; fibroblast; gene expression; gene induction; human; human cell; human tissue; mouth carcinoma; mouth mucosa; oncogene c fos; priority journal; proto oncogene; squamous cell carcinoma; Areca; Arecoline; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Fibroblasts; Gene Expression; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Mutagenicity Tests; Plants, Medicinal; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; Taiwanjournal article10.1016/S1368-8375(00)00031-2109640492-s2.0-0033841509