林清富臺灣大學:電子工程學研究所張文發Chang, Wen-FaWen-FaChang2007-11-272018-07-102007-11-272018-07-102005http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/57347此篇論文主要是研究在非對稱多重量子井(Nonidentical Multiple Quantum Wells)雷射二極體一端鏡面上鍍抗反射膜(Antireflection Coatings),而此抗反射膜是具有寬光譜特性,能使雷射二極體降低Fabry-Perot共振效應。從鍍上抗反射膜之端面量測雷射二極體光強度-電流(L-I)特性曲線,並觀察曲線是無起振點(Threshold),這顯示出雷射二極體振盪現象很小,及量測光譜(Spectrum)特性曲線,測得光強度之半功率全寬FWHP(Full Width at Half Power)達到218nm(1359.45nm ~1577.45nm)波長寬。 再將抗反射膜分別鍍在1550nm波長及1300nm波長雷射二極體上,所測得發光光譜寬分別為75nm(1500nm ~1575nm)波長及88nm(1250nm~1338nm)波長寬。並運算估計此抗反射膜之反射率分別為0.00022及0.00021。 文中也敘述抗反射膜層是使用光學薄膜特徵矩陣(Characteristic Matrix) 理論設計與模擬,經選定適當光學鍍膜材料後,使用熱蒸鍍方法蒸鍍薄膜,以磷化銦(InP)晶片輔助測試膜層效果,使用熱處理解決光學鍍膜材料熱應力問題,及驗證鍍在InP晶片上之抗反射膜層,在不同溫度環境下之附著性測試,經證實仍然具有良好之附著性。 由於非對稱多重量子井雷射二極體,具有雙光域雷射光,所以必須設計一最佳抗反射膜層,以涵蓋此雙光域雷射光。經由詳實設計與實驗,採用雙層薄膜各自使用非1/4波長膜相,其光學抗反射膜是具有寬光譜範圍特徵,使得此雷射二極體在鍍膜端面之發射光,達成高穿透率效果。This essay mainly investigates antireflection (AR) coatings on one facets of laser diodes with nonidentical multiple quantum wells. The AR coating has broadband characteristics to reduce the Fabry-Perot resonance. The light-current curve of the laser diode is measured. With AR coating, the laser diode has no threshold, indicating no oscillation. The spectrum is also measured. It shows that the AR coating could make the device exhibit FWHP (Full Width at Half Power) of 218nm spectral width (1359.45nm ~1577.45nm). Laser diodes at the lasing wavelength around 1550 nm and 1300 nm, respectively are also AR-coated. After AR coating, their emission spectra have the spectral width of 75nm (1500nm ~1575nm) and 88nm (1250nm~1338nm) , respectively. The AR-coated reflectivity is estimated to be 0.00022 and 0.00021. The theory of Thin-Film Optical Characteristic Matrix is used to design and simulation the antireflection coatings. InP wafers are used for testing the coating conditions using thermal evaporation. Some suitable optical coating materials are experimented. Also, the problem of heat stress with the optical coating materials is investigated. With proper heating situation, the antireflection coatings on InP wafer has good adhesion under some environment test. The laser diodes with the nonidentical multiple quantum wells oscillate at dual spectral band. Therefore, the AR coatings need special design to simultaneously suppress the lasing at dual bands. The coating conditions also need careful experiment to prove their functions. After design and experiment, using dual-layer Thin-Film with each layer different from 1/4 wave length, broadband AR coating can be achieved for laser diodes in the optical communication.致謝I 摘要III 英文摘要V 目錄VII 引言XI 第一章 光學薄膜導論1 1.1 光 學薄膜之應用與簡介1 1.2 物質材料的穿透及反射6 1.3 光學薄膜特徵矩陣(Characteristic Matrix)7 第二章 光學薄膜之抗反射膜(Antireflection Coating) 層設計13 2.1 鍍在樣品代號A6b非對稱多重量子井500um 長直波導半導體雷射之光學抗反射膜規格及 雷射特性13 2.2 樣品代號A6b非對稱多重量子井直波導半導 體雷射之端鏡面折射率分析16 2.3 以磷化銦(InP)晶片模擬樣品代號A6b雷射 端鏡面之折射率17 2.4 光學抗反射膜之各膜層折射率範圍設定21 2.5 選擇光學鍍膜材料22 2.6 硒化鋅(ZnSe)及氟化鎂(MgF2)材料結構特性25 2.6.1 硒化鋅(ZnSe)結構特性25 2.6.2 氟化鎂(MgF2)結構特性27 2.7 使用特徵矩陣(Characteristic Matrix) 計算抗 反射薄膜各層厚度28 2.8 使用特徵矩陣(Characteristic Matrix) 計算並 繪出光學抗反射薄膜穿透率特性曲線29 2.9 光學抗反射薄膜導納(Admittance)30 第三章 半導體雷射之端鏡面蒸鍍抗反射薄膜製程與 膜層可靠度測試33 3.1 熱蒸鍍抗反射薄膜製程33 3.2 光學鍍膜材料熱應力分析36 3.3 膜層可靠度驗證40 3.3.1 膜層表面磨擦測試40 3.3.2 膜層附著力測試41 3.3.3 環境牢固度實驗44 第四章 半導體雷射二極體的特性量測47 4.1 半導體雷射光強度-電流(L-I)量測47 4.2 半導體雷射光譜(Spectrum)量測56 4.2.1 樣品代號A6B半導體雷射二極體端鏡 面未鍍抗反射膜之光譜量測結果63 4.2.2 樣品代號A6B半導體雷射二極體一端 鏡面鍍抗反射膜之光譜量測結果66 4.2.3 1550nm波長半導體雷射二極體端鏡 面未鍍抗反射膜之光譜量測結果68 4.2.4 1550nm波長半導體雷射二極體一端 鏡面鍍抗反射膜之光譜量測結果72 4.2.5 反射率運算方法及1550nm波長半導 體雷射一端鏡面鍍抗反射膜之後量測 與運算其反射率結果 73 4.2.6 1300nm波長半導體雷射二極體端鏡 面未鍍抗反射膜之光譜量測結果76 4.2.7 1300nm波長半導體雷射二極體一端 鏡面鍍抗反射膜之光譜量測結果79 4.2.8 1300nm波長半導體雷射一端鏡面鍍 抗反射膜之後量測與運算其反射率結果81 第五章 總結83 參考文獻89en-US光學抗反射薄膜抗反射鍍膜極低反射率寬光譜抗反射膜特徵矩陣半導體雷射抗反射鍍膜非對稱多重量子井雷射二極體半功率全寬寬光譜磷砷化銦鎵/磷化銦砷化鋁鎵銦/磷化銦共振氟化鎂硒化鋅導納熱蒸鍍Thin-Film Optical Antireflection CoatingsAR CoatingsUltra-low ReflectivityBroadband Antireflection CoatingsCharacteristic MatrixSemiconductor Laser Antireflection CoatingsNonidentical Multiple Quantum Wells Laser DiodesFull Width at Half PowerBroadband SpectrumInGaAsP/InPInGaAlAs/InPFabry-PerotMgF2ZnSeAdmittanceThermal Coating半導體雷射之抗反射鍍膜技術研究The Technology of Antireflection Coatings on Semiconductor Laserthesis