生態系健康之生物指標: 台灣榕屬植物及榕小蜂群聚關係之研究

2012-01-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/708431摘要：臺灣位居東亞島孤中樞，為生物種遷移的重要橋梁，受到亞洲大陸與菲律賓植物區系之雙重影響，不論從生態或演化角度，是研究物種多樣性以及拓殖機制的最佳研究地點。其中，榕屬植物的榕果為食果動物提供重要的食物來源，為熱帶森林系的關鍵物種。此外，台灣榕屬植物與榕果小蜂間的共生生態與協同演化也是在學術界熱衷探討的主題之一。本研究將選擇五種榕屬植物(Ficus subpisocarpa 雀榕 & Ficus microcarpa 正榕是雌雄同體，而Ficus septica 稜果榕, Ficus benguetensis 豬母乳 & Ficus erecta var. beecheyana 牛奶榕是雌雄異體)為材料進行三年研究，主要方向包括:(1)榕小蜂的群聚生態研究—蒐集這五種榕果內所有榕小蜂(授粉蜂與非授粉蜂)，鑑定分類 並計算數量，觀察記錄其產卵時間，最後將探討其群聚組成的種間關係與形成機制，(2)榕果物候學—在台灣南北各選擇 Ficus septica, and Ficus erecta var. beecheyana 的六個族群進行兩年的物候觀察紀錄，未來將探討其對南北 氣候差異的適應機制，(3) 榕葉 DNA 遺傳變異--比較台灣南北部與鄰近國家，如:菲律賓、華南地區及日本琉球群島的榕屬樣品變異，暸解其地理親緣關係，並試圖探討其在台灣拓殖的可能過程或機制。<br> Abstract: Taiwan presents a fascinating contact zones between two different biotas, Asian continent and Philippines, and can serve as a good model system to investigate the processes of species colonization. The figs offer an important supply to the frugivores, and have been viewed as keystone species in tropical forest ecosystems. Besides, the mutualism and coevolution between figs and their symbiotic fig wasps have been hot issues for academic research. In this study, we will select 5 species of figs (Ficus subpisocarpa/雀榕 and Ficus microcarpa 正榕/ are monocious figs, and Ficus septica/稜果榕, Ficus benguetensis/豬母乳 and Ficus erecta var. beecheyana/牛奶榕 are dioecious figs) to conduct a 3-year period project. There are three main objectives: (1) community ecology of fig wasps—we will collected all fig wasps hosted inside the figs (including pollinators as well as non-pollinators), identify/classify their species, count their numbers, observer the oviposition time of their foundress. At last, we would like to discuss the assembling rule or mechanism of these tiny wasp communities. (2) fig phenology—we will selected 6 populations of Ficus septica and Ficus erecta var. beecheyana at north and south of Taiwan, and keep regular surveys for two years. Through comparing the difference of their phenology, we would like to explore the adaptation mechanisms to the different climatic changes. (3) genetic flux of fig trees in Taiwan and also among our neighbor countries, Philippines, China and Japan. We will analyze their phylogeographyical relationships, and finally would like to explore the potential colonizing process or steps for Taiwan’s figs.榕屬榕果小蜂共生親緣地&#63972種間關係群聚組成Ficusfig waspmutualismphylogeographyspecies interaction,生態系健康之生物指標: 台灣榕屬植物及榕小蜂群聚關係之研究