2008-08-012024-05-13https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/648151摘要：臺灣於2005年2月5日公布施行「原住民族基本法」，聯合國亦甫於2007年9月13日通過「聯合國原住民族權利宣言」，此說明了以法治原則保障原住民族的利益，已是當今國內與國際上的主流。回顧歷史，今在臺灣所稱之原住民族，首次遭受外來者統治，正是臺灣史上第一次出現近代型國家統治型態的日本統治時期。然而日本帝國在台的殖民地政府並不將原住民視為法律上的權利主體，對原住民族連最起碼的形式法治國原則都不予理會。緊接著統治原住民族之來自中國的國民黨政府，雖然將其主要的國家法律，包括民事法、刑事法等，一體適用於原住民族，但這些法律在制定當時並未考量及原住民族的需求。而給予原住民族特殊對待的法律制度，包括原住民身份、原住民族保留地等，仍長期地以行政命令規範之，明顯違反法律保留原則。一直到國民黨統治晚期的1994年，才在憲法增修條文宣示應特別保障其政治地位和社會文化。在民進黨政府執政期間，又進一步建構保障原住民族之法制。但是這些法制仍有待更具體的法規來落實，故如何在臺灣現實條件下，規劃出最具可行性的法律規範，再以包括釋憲和法院機制在內的法治原則，要求政府與人民一體遵守，已成為刻不容緩的議題。在研究過程中，將與美國西雅圖華盛頓大學原住民法中心的教授密切合作，以參考美國法制經驗與做理論層面的對話。<br> Abstract: In Taiwan, the Fundamental Law for Indigenous Peoples was promulgated and enforced on February 5, 2005. In the United Nations, the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was passed on September 3, 2007. Accordingly, the idea that the interests of indigenous peoples should be protected by the principle of rule of law has been widely accepted all over the world. However, when Taiwanese indigenous peoples met the modern state for the first time in the Japanese era, they were actually not exposed to the principle of rule of law. After 1945, the Chinese Nationalist regime began to govern indigenous peoples by law which was also applied to the ethnic Chinese in Taiwan. Those laws applied to the indigenous people did not take into account the legal civilization of the indigenous peoples when they were enacted, and therefore the principle of rule by law finally resulted in the loss of original life style of indigenous peoples. Until the 1990s, the late period of the Nationalist rule, the uniqueness of indigenous peoples was recognized by the constitutional law of Taiwan, which further provided that the interests of indigenous peoples should be protected by the law. Later on, the DDP became the governing party of Taiwan. The DDP administration enacted many laws for protecting the interests of indigenous peoples. Nevertheless, it is still doubtable whether those laws can carry out the purpose of the Fundamental Law for Indigenous Peoples. This project wants to examine the history of the indigenous peoples’ encounter with rule of law and further argue what kinds of legislation are necessary for the indigenous peoples under the current situation of Taiwan. For referring to the Native American experiences and dialoguing with the theory of the indigenous law, I would like to visit the Native American Law Center in University of Washington School of Law during the period of executing this project.法治原住民族自決自治土地權利rule of lawindigenous peoplesself-determinationautonomyland rights