林美聆臺灣大學：土木工程學研究所王國隆Wang, Kuo-LungKuo-LungWang2007-11-252018-07-092007-11-252018-07-092006http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/50506集集地震於1999年在台灣中部地區造成大量崩塌及損失，因此研究如何製作地震引致崩塌地災害潛勢圖遂成為一個重要的課題。為了決定此一類型之崩塌潛能，地表變形量可視為合理的評估參數，但崩塌地變位量的量測卻有其困難，干涉合成孔徑雷達技術則可觀測地表變形量並對進一步分析提供相關資訊，本研究中亦利用模型邊坡振動台試驗來觀察邊坡受震時之行為並利用數值分析方法加以分析。在數值分析中，Hardin & Drnevich (1972) 所提供之參數評估方法可適切模擬邊坡受震時之破壞面與放大效應；在影像移動分析上則提供邊坡位移演化研究不同觀點之可行性，邊坡數值分析方法建立之邊坡破壞面評估方法則可提供現地邊坡受震行為分析之用。研究最後則建立基於Newmark 位移之區域性邊坡受震行為分析模式，本研究所提出之破壞深度-坡長比假設法可提供合理範圍之破壞面深度，採用5公分臨界位移可達到94%以上之崩塌預測率。In 1999, the Chi-Chi earthquake caused numerous landslides and tremendous loses in central Taiwan. It becomes essential to produce the earthquake induced landslide potential map for hazard mitigation in Taiwan. To determine such landslide potential, the permanent displacement appears to be a reasonable parameter for calibration of potential. However, the overall measurement of landslide displacement is very complex. The crustal deformation can be observed through InSAR analysis, which provides displacement data for further analysis. The model slope shaking table tests were performed to observe seismic slope behavior and then analyzed with proper numerical analysis. In the analysis, the equation proposed by Hardin and Drnevich (1972) is used to find the failure plane and to simulate the amplification effect with parameter reduction. The particle image velocimetry analysis was also conducted to study the evolvement of slope displacement, which provides a different perspective and helpful point of view in landslide displacement analysis. The numerical analysis provides a method to establish the failure plane of landslide and can be applied to the prototype slope in field. Thus the slope in the field can be analyzed through the method developed. Finally, a regional seismic slope analysis model was developed based on Newmark’s displacement. The proposed depth-length ratio method provides reasonable value of landslide failure depth. The threshold of landslide 5 cm is adopted and which will turn in a prediction rate of 94% for the study area.1. Introduction 1 2. Literature Review 5 2.1 Ground Displacement Induced by Chi-Chi Earthquake 5 2.1.1 Crustal Deformation 5 2.1.2 Landslides 9 2.2 Landslide Observation using Remote Sensing Data 12 2.3 Slope Model Test 14 2.3.1 Centrifuge Test 15 2.3.2 1-g Shaking Table Test 17 2.4 Methods for Seismic Landslide Analysis 19 2.5 Regional Slope Analysis 20 3. Study Area and Inventory of Landslides Induced by Chi-Chi Earthquake 23 3.1 Former Landslide Inventory Map and Dataset 23 3.2 Verification of Landslide Inventory Map 27 4. Time-Series Crustal Deformation Analysis 37 4.1 Temporal Digital Elevation Comparison 37 4.2 Insar Analysis for Crustal Deformation 46 4.3 The Insar Analysis Results 54 4.4 Conclusions 66 5. Model Slope Shaking Table Test 69 5.1 The Shaking Table and System Calibration 69 5.2 Setting Up of Experiment 72 5.2.1 Law of similitude 73 5.2.2 Soil properties and specimen arrangement 76 5.2.3 Specimen 1 81 5.2.4 Specimen 2 86 5.2.5 Specimen 3 89 5.2.6 Specimen 4 92 5.2.7 Specimen 5 94 5.3 Test Results 97 5.3.1 Specimen 1 97 5.3.2 Specimen 2 103 5.3.3 Specimen 3 106 5.3.4 Specimen 4 108 5.3.5 Specimen 5 112 5.4 Development of Failure Surface 116 5.4.1 Specimen 1 116 5.4.2 Specimen 2 119 5.4.3 Specimen 3 121 5.4.4 Specimen 4 124 5.4.5 Specimen 5 126 5.5 Conclusions 128 6. Response and Displacement Analysis of the Shaking Table Test 131 6.1 Particle Image Velocimetry Analysis 131 6.1.1 The theoretical background and program 131 6.1.2 Results of PIV Analysis 133 6.2 Numerical Analysis of Slope Responses 142 6.2.1 The parameter study and Specimen 1 143 6.2.2 Specimen 2 148 6.2.3 Specimen 3 150 6.2.4 Specimen 4 152 6.2.5 Specimen 5 154 6.3 The measured displacements versus Newmark’s displacement 157 6.3 Conclusions 160 7. Regional Seismic Slope Analysis 163 7.1 Newmark’s Sliding Block Method for Seismic Slope Analysis 163 7.2 Regional Seismic Slope Analysis 167 7.3 Determination of Slope Failure Depth 170 7.4 Case Study on Effects of Failure Depth 172 7.5 Database for Parameters and Study Area 175 7.5.1 Study Area 177 7.5.2 Parameters for Analysis 179 7.5.3. Landslides Caused By the Chi-Chi Earthquake 181 7.5.4 Regional Analysis and Results 182 7.6 Model Verification 187 7.7 Regional Prediction and Results 194 7.8 Conclusions 200 8. Conclusions and Suggestions 203 8.1 Conclusions 203 8.2 Suggestions 205 9. Bibliography 207 Appendix A The Inspection of Selected Landslides With 1980 and SRTM DEM 21311093013 bytesapplication/pdfen-US崩塌地震干涉合成孔徑雷達振動台試驗影像移動分析區域性邊坡受震反應分析landslideearthquakeInSARshaking table testparticle image velocimetryregional seismic slope analysisthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/50506/1/ntu-95-D90521009-1.pdf