指導教授:方瑜臺灣大學:中國文學研究所王正利Wang, Jeng-LiJeng-LiWang2014-11-252018-05-292014-11-252018-05-292014http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/261067  意志與命運的關係,是人生命中無可迴避的問題。然而研究這個議題,必須選擇一個生命力、意志力最強旺的時代方能加以凸顯。在唐代,人類的精神與行動等同自然的雄偉與永恆,因此神話的開天闢地的豪健精神二度再現;所以意志與命運的主題在唐代似乎最能被凸顯,因其碰撞情形最為劇烈。   其中,唐詩最為能動,更深入到無限定的世界,也就是可以在相同的永恆再現的困境中洞觀靈魂的深處,適合對於幽微人性及深層衝突作更深入的挖掘。在意志與命運的主題下,可延伸出五個探討角度,包含:故鄉──內在;京華──外在;盛衰──整體;成敗──個人;生死──時限。兼攝:內、外、整、個、時、空。其實就是唐代士人一生縮影。   從中可以見到:唐人頑強精神,生命火花四射;回應時代之舉,能量空前絕後;展現人的力量,挺立非凡價值;最後,重要啟發則是:無論內、外、整、個、時、空如何不如人意,永遠必須有所堅持。因為只要守住意志,就有無限發展希望。意志命運一體兩面,正如宇宙二力一般相反相成,缺一不可。所以探討至此,或許生命奧祕亦可思過半矣。The relationship between the will and fate is the unavoidable issue of human life. However, we have to choose the era when the human vitality and the will were the most exuberant and vigorous to feature this issue. In Tang Dynasty, the spirit and action of humans equal the grandeur and eternity of nature. Therefore, the groundbreaking, heroic and forthright spirit was re-presented. And thus the main themes of the will and the fate seemed able to be highlighted mostly in Tang Dynasty for the collision at then was the most intensified. The poetry of Tang Dynasty is the art form that contains the most momentum, and the momentum is powerful enough to enable Tang poetry to go deeply into the world of infinity. In other words, in the same predicament of re-presenting the eternity, Tang poetry could gaze into the depth of souls. Thus, Tang poetry is a suitable means to probe into the delicate human nature and the deeper conflict. Under the main themes of the will and the fate, five aspects of discussions could be extracted as follows: the homeland—inside; the capital—outside; vicissitudes—entirety; success and failure—individual; life and death—time limit. The aspects of inside, outside, entirety, individual, time and space are all covered, and they are in fact the miniature of the whole life of the scholars in Tang Dynasty. From this miniature we could see the things as follows: Tang people’s tough spirit and the splashing sparks of their life; the time-responding actions and the unprecedented momentum; the demonstration of human power and the establishment of extraordinary values, and finally, the crucial inspiration is: no matter how disappointing the aspects of inside, outside, entirety, individual, time and space are, one should always be insistent. As long as the will is secured, there will be the infinite hopes of development. The will and fate are two sides of one body as the two sorts of power in the universe opposing and supporting each other; each power is necessary. Thus probing into the issue this far, it could be considered that we are thinking further than half way to the end.口試委員會審定書............................................ i 誌謝..................................................... ii 中文摘要................................................. iii 英文摘要.................................................. iv 第一章 緒 論..............................................1     第一節 問題界說......................................1     第二節 研究範疇.....................................21     第三節 文獻檢討.....................................32 第二章 故 鄉:返鄉意志.....................................36     第一節 故鄉意義.....................................36     第二節 主客之思.....................................39     第三節 望鄉之舉.....................................43     第四節 思鄉之淚.....................................48     第五節 思鄉之情.....................................50         一、思憶意義..................................50         二、故園作用..................................54         三、節日意義..................................58         四、思憶兄弟..................................63         五、超越思憶..................................65     第六節 夢回故鄉.....................................70     小 結.............................................77 第三章 京 華:進京之思.....................................79     第一節 京華意義.....................................79     第二節 京華長安.....................................85     第三節 朝廷宮殿.....................................98     第四節 天子國君....................................105     小 結............................................110 第四章 盛 衰:盛世追求....................................112     第一節 盛世情結....................................112     第二節 回復盛世....................................117     第三節 人事作為....................................123     第四節 諫諍意識....................................134     小 結............................................146 第五章 成 敗:成功想望....................................148     第一節 用世之心....................................148     第二節 窮達以時....................................152     第三節 科舉之路....................................167     第四節 知遇情結....................................179     第五節 存在追尋....................................193     小 結............................................206 第六章 生 死:生之意志以及死之命運..........................208     第一節 歎逝主題....................................208     第二節 時間巨力....................................212     第三節 生死衝擊之一:時間............................219      一、必然而至................................219      二、一去不返................................221     第四節 生死衝擊之二:空間............................224      一、未知世界................................224      二、一視同仁................................227     第五節 生死抗衡.....................................230      一、道教──形軀長生...........................230      二、道家──齊觀生死...........................232      三、佛教──觀空無生...........................234      四、儒家──取義留名...........................236     第六節 生死大關.....................................238      一、道教──長生不得...........................239      二、道家──齊物不能...........................242      三、佛教──無生不易...........................243      四、儒家──留名難料...........................244     第七節 唐詩生死特色──質疑以及衝突:問天、呼天............245     小 結.............................................251 第七章 結 論.............................................253 附 錄 杜甫七言律詩悲壯特色及其成因試探 ──以〈秋興〉八首為例的討論...........................257 一、前言..........................................257 二、杜甫七律悲壯風格之成因...........................259 (一)主要成因──杜甫衝突的人生........................259 (二)輔助性成因──七律對立特質........................263 三、杜甫七律悲壯風格之特色...........................268 (一)激楚悲壯之響..................................268 (二)〈秋興〉對比之悲...............................272 (三)悲壯中蘊含宇宙之理.............................282 四、結論..........................................286 參考文獻..................................................2872065648 bytesapplication/pdf論文公開時間:2017/03/21論文使用權限:同意有償授權(權利金給回饋學校)意志命運唐詩衝突悲劇時間空間唐詩中的意志與命運The Will and Fate in Tang Poetrythesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/261067/1/ntu-103-D95121008-1.pdf