鄭富書Jeng, Fu-Shu臺灣大學:土木工程學研究所張來福Chang, Lai-FuLai-FuChang2010-06-302018-07-092010-06-302018-07-092008U0001-2207200817511900http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/187591台灣地體位在歐亞板塊與太平洋板塊聚合帶上，地質構造年輕且破碎，佈有多條斷層破裂線分佈全台。鑒於人口聚落座落在斷層破裂線之周圍趨勢增加，歷次地震事件發現破裂線延伸災害更加的加深其對破裂延伸行為研究之必要性，不僅可用於對未來斷層破裂線延伸之模擬，也可應用於岩石邊坡節理面互相影響發展之進一步研究，提供都市計畫人員與大地工程相關從業人員基礎研究的參考。研究對象為簡化之斷層面垂直地表面模擬材料的物理模型，並將三維問題簡化為二維問題進行討論。研究方法採用破裂力學理論與物理試驗、顆粒影像速度儀(Particle Image Velocimetry, PIV)影像分析與顆粒力學(Particle Flow Code, PFC2D)為基礎之數值工具。主要目的為釐清及探討下列各點：(1)初始主要裂隙與次生裂隙的破裂發展與破裂型態；(2)模擬不同傾角的裂隙延伸與破裂韌度的關係；(3)模擬材料的裂隙長度對破裂韌度的影響；(4)材料表面的位移場現象；(5)運用PFC模型模擬材料的位移場運動現象。研究成果顯示，物理模型的CSTBD不同裂隙傾角的破裂型態與前人研究的趨勢相同，同時補足前人研究中的不足。對於單壓斜裂隙矩形試體的物理模型指出，傾角30°的破裂型態以張裂為主，破裂韌度KIc明顯大於KIIc，整體上屬於進張裂的混合模式(Mixed mode I-II)；傾角45°的破裂型態則屬於張-剪裂混合模式為主，整體上以半張半剪裂模式(Mixed mode I-II)。對於影像分析，CSTBD與單壓斜裂縫的矩形試體分析結果，可看出PIV在模擬材料破裂研究的適用性，向量位移場的相對橫移與轉動位移場皆可描繪出裂隙的發生位置，可以比對前人DIC研究的破裂位置的預測方式。Taiwan terrain, located at the convergence belt between the Eurasian plate and Pacific plate, has smashed body and many faults overspreading its surface. With the incensement of space required, based on the fact that the tendency living near the fault or surface fracture becomes more popular and the disasters induced from the cracks, extending bring more catastrophic lost in the historic seismic records, it is the more and more important subjects of crack extending for human society today . It can not only be useful for the fault research but also support the cited plans or geotechnical engineering reference for designing, due to aim to reducing the calamity happening and promoting life.he main fracture spacing distribution studied in this thesis is orthogonal to the body surface, and this research will simplify the three-dimension problem to the two-dimension one basically. The three tools will be applied to examine the behavior for fracture propagation, including physical experiments applying Fracture mechanics, digital image analysis and numerical simulation(Particle Flow Code, PFC2D). It focus on the several phenomenon list as: the fracture propagation, traditional fracture classification, relationship between the different dip angle defined by this study and Fracture toughness, the influence of pre-cracked length to the fracture development, and the investigation for surface displacement field.s initial experiments showing, the CSTBD tests with variant dip angle will have the diverse fracture prorogations, similar with the former research, compensating the deficit part and the proving the fracture-mode transition. We also execute the single compassed rectangle sample to compare the influence of crack length and dip angle. Owning to the physical test, the crack mode for the dip angle, 30 degree, reveal the mixed mode I-II, but more belong to mode I. On the other hand, the crack mode for the dip angle, 45?degree, more agree with the mixed mode I-II, meaning that the crack tension and shear will appear together. The digital image correlation analysis, with the help through PIV, also adequately show the crack entrenching and spreading during the crack happening. We also observe and compare the rotation-concentrating characteristics with the DIC result during crack formulation and propagation, and we get the similar properties to attest to the applicability for the crack investigation using PIV tool.口試委員審定書 I　謝 II 要 IIIbstract IV錄 VI目錄 IX目錄 X一章 緒論 1.1 研究動機 1.2研究目的與方法 2.3本文內容 2二章 文獻回顧 4.1野外地質研究 4.2物理試驗 6.3數值模型 8.4綜合討論 8三章 研究方法 12.1研究架構 12.2理論破裂力學 12.2.1破裂力學之簡介 12.2.2破裂韌度之計算 14.3物理試驗規劃 15.3.1模擬材料之來源與配比 15.3.2試體製作 16.3.3變形量量測方式與資料擷取系統 18.3.4實驗儀器 18.3.5實驗方法與規劃 19.4數值模擬工具 21.4.1數值工具之簡介 21.4.2數值分析之項目 21.5質點影像測速儀之簡介 21四章 物理試驗結果與討論 29.1加壓儀器的穩定性分析與探討 29.1.1 GCTS系統複合MTS壓力機 29.1.2 ELE壓力機 31.2 基本力學試驗結果 31.3 CSTBD裂隙延伸行為 32.3.1力與位移場的關係 32.3.2傾角與裂隙發展的關係 32.3.3 CSTBD試驗結果的討論 35.4單裂縫矩形試體裂隙延伸行為與破裂韌度關係 36.4.1傾角與裂隙發展的關係 36.4.2破裂韌度與裂隙發展的關係 37.4.3單裂縫矩形試體試驗的討論 38五章 含裂隙試體的影像分析成果 71.1 PIV分析參數的決定流程 71.2分析參數的決定 72.2.1分析範圍的決定(Region of interest, ROI) 72.2.2搜尋視窗的決定 72.2.3搜尋視窗的移動量的決定 74.2.4初步分結果的檢討 75.2.5演算法(Algorithm)的決定 76.2.6平均位移量值的扣減使用 77.2.7濾波(Filter)的決定 78.2.8分析參數的整理 79.3 CSTBD影像分析結果 80.3.1 PIV應用於模擬材料裂隙顯像的探討 80.3.2裂隙延伸過程的位移場比較 81.4單壓斜裂隙的影像分析成果 83.5 CSTBD的數值模擬成果與影像分析的比較 85六章 結論與建議 157.1結論 157.2建議 158考文獻 159錄A PIV基本參數整理 A-1錄B PFC建模流程與參數整理 B-1錄C CSTBD 0°角的PFC2D程式碼 C-1錄D 論文口試－問題與回覆 D-114775720 bytesapplication/pdfen-US模擬材料二維裂隙延伸破裂模式破裂韌度顆粒影像速度儀(PIV)顆粒力學數值模擬(PFC2D)裂隙預測mode-rock materialtwo-dimension fracture propagationcrack modeFracture toughnessParticle Image Velocimetry (PIV)Particle Flow Code (PFC)crack predictionthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/187591/1/ntu-97-R95521101-1.pdf