Chia, Yu-HsinYu-HsinChiaLiao, Wei-HaoWei-HaoLiaoVyas, SunilSunilVyasChu, Cheng HungCheng HungChuYamaguchi, TakeshiTakeshiYamaguchiLiu, XiaoyuanXiaoyuanLiuTanaka, TakuoTakuoTanakaYI-YOU HUANGChen, Mu KuMu KuChenWEN-SHIANG CHENTsai, Din PingDin PingTsaiYUAN LUO2024-04-082024-04-082024-03-152198-38442198-3844https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/641783Endo-microscopy is crucial for real-time 3D visualization of internal tissues and subcellular structures. Conventional methods rely on axial movement of optical components for precise focus adjustment, limiting miniaturization and complicating procedures. Meta-device, composed of artificial nanostructures, is an emerging optical flat device that can freely manipulate the phase and amplitude of light. Here, an intelligent fluorescence endo-microscope is developed based on varifocal meta-lens and deep learning (DL). The breakthrough enables in vivo 3D imaging of mouse brains, where varifocal meta-lens focal length adjusts through relative rotation angle. The system offers key advantages such as invariant magnification, a large field-of-view, and optical sectioning at a maximum focal length tuning range of ≈2 mm with 3 µm lateral resolution. Using a DL network, image acquisition time and system complexity are significantly reduced, and in vivo high-resolution brain images of detailed vessels and surrounding perivascular space are clearly observed within 0.1 s (≈50 times faster). The approach will benefit various surgical procedures, such as gastrointestinal biopsies, neural imaging, brain surgery, etc.enHiLo fluorescence imaging; deep learning; endoscopy; metalens; optical sectioning; telecentric configuration; three-dimensional imaging[SDGs]SDG7journal article10.1002/advs.202307837384886942-s2.0-85187639769https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85187639769