2018-01-012024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/682261摘要：稻熱病，為水稻重要病害，由病原真菌 Magnaporthe oryzae (Hebert) Barr 所引 起。 抗病品種的培育與栽種，為田間稻熱病重要的防治措施，符合有機永續農業的 時代需求，亦為農藥減量重要的配套措施。但由於田間稻熱病菌族群複雜及快速地 變異與演替，單一抗病水稻品種的大面積商業化種植，田間抗性往往無法長久維持 ，並且當環境及氣候因子適合時，常造成病害的大面積流行及嚴重的損失。因此 ，抗病育種工作的進行，商業化品種的種植與推廣，及抗病品種田間抗性的維持 ，皆有賴田間稻熱病菌族群生理小種的掌握與監測，以及族群演化機制的瞭解。本 計畫的目標，在利用 Pot2 rep-PCR 分子分群技術及 IRRI LTH IRBL lines 判別品 系，持續監測及篩選臺灣東西部田間一期稻作稻熱病菌主要族群及其 AVR 基因的動 態變化；分析臺南 11 號抗病特性，以及感染臺南 11 號稻熱病菌生理小種的遺傳 特徵，探討族群演化的可能機制，並且持續開發臺灣田間稻熱病菌主要族群及感染 臺南 11 號生理小種的快速監測技術，應用田間病原菌族群之及時監測。 期望藉由 本研究的結果，可掌握臺灣田間稻熱病菌族群的分布及動態變化，提供為病害發生 預測、抗病育種及抗病品種區域推廣之重要參考依據。<br> Abstract: Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (Hebert) Barr, is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated rice in many countries including Taiwan. Breeding and deployment of resistant varieties are important control measures for blast disease and also effective control strategies which meet the trend of organic and sustainable agriculture and reduce the usage of fungicides. However, the field populations of rice blast fungus are complicated, highly dynamic and quickly mutated or evolved, and field resistance of newly released varieties has been quickly broken down within few years. When environmental and climate conditions are favorable, severe epidemics and significant yield loss usually occur in the monoculture commercial fields. To sustain breeding program, effectively deploy resistant varieties, and prolong or maintain field resistance, it is necessary to monitor pathogen structure and variation and understand the evolution of pathogen population in the fields. In this study, we aim to utilize Pot2 rep-PCR fingerprinting technique and IRRI LTH IRBL lines to continually monitor the blast population and screen the status of avirulence (AVR) genes in Taiwan. We also aim to characterize the resistance features of elite rice variety TN11 and determine the genetic features of physiological races infected TN11 and hope to reveal potential evolution mechanism(s) of blast population in commercial production fields. Furthermore, we aim to develop on-site detection and surveillance techniques to monitor field population for TN11 commercial production. To the end, we hope to better understand the population structure of rice blast fungus in Taiwan and provide the information for disease epidemiology and screening and deployment of resistance varieties in Taiwan.水稻稻熱病稻熱病菌生理小種Pot2 rep-PCR 親緣分析AVR基因IRRI LTH IRBL lines判別品系族群演化監測技術ricerice blast diseaseMagnaporthe oryzaephysiological racePot2 rep-PCR phylogenetic analysisAVR genesIRRI LTH IRBL differential linespopulation evolutionsurveillance technique