2007-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/701690摘要：長久以來，伊斯蘭與民主的關係就是政治學者所關心的議題，傳統的觀點認為伊斯蘭是「前現代」的價值體系，本身就是封閉且威權的，這不僅反映在政教合一的統治上，同時對於女性、個人自由、法律、道德等等的看法，都顯示了伊斯蘭與民主社會是不相容的。然而隨著幾波民主化浪潮的發生、冷戰的瓦解、以及全球化的快速發展，伊斯蘭世界的政治社會也產生不同程度的變化，都使得許多政治學者重新思考伊斯蘭與民主的關係，冀求能夠發展出一套說明伊斯蘭國家如何能夠民主化的理論。本計劃希望藉由對於四個伊斯蘭國家深入的質化比較研究，從歷史文化、社會結構、現代化發展、國際因素以及其他各項角度，探討伊斯蘭與民主到底如何能夠在穆斯林國家當中同時存在，並且與西方文明平和共存。挑選的國家包括土耳其、印尼、阿爾及利亞與沙烏地阿拉伯，個案選擇的理由是基於三個重要面向的對比：依社會的世俗化程度來看，土耳其與阿爾及利亞擁有較高的世俗化程度，印尼與沙烏地阿拉伯則較低；依國家的民主程度度來看，土耳其於印尼擁有較民主的政治體系，阿爾及利亞與沙烏地阿拉伯則較否；然而在兩面向差異最大的土耳其與沙烏地阿拉伯卻都同樣出現伊斯蘭主義者主政的現象，反倒是阿爾及利亞和印尼是由世俗主義者來主掌政權。針對上述現象所進行的深入質化分析，正是這一個兩年期計劃所要探索的，主要目的希望能夠藉此研究發展一套解釋伊斯蘭與民主可能性的政治理論。<br> Abstract: Islam and Democracy for long time is a very important topic for political scientists. The conventional wisdom believes Islam is a closed and authoritarian pre-modern value system. The incompatibility of Islam and democracy not only reflects in the belief that religion and politics shouldn’t be separated in the Muslim society, but also reveal in the different viewpoint toward the issues of women’s rights, individual liberty, civil law, and morality. However, as the world has come through several waves of democratization, the end of the cold war, ongoing rapid globalization, many great changes are also underway in Islamic world, especially in political and sociological aspects. Facing all of these changes, political scientists try to rethink the relationship between Islam and democracy and anticipate building a new theory that can explain how an Islamic country can smoothly democratize successfully. This project proposes a four-country qualitative comparative study to discuss how Islam and democracy can coexist in the Muslim society and also maintain a peaceful relationship with the West through various perspectives from historical, cultural, social structural, modernizational, and international factors. The four selected cases are Turkey, Indonesia, Algeria, and Saudi Arabia and the rationale behind the case selection is based on the contrast of three important sociopolitical dimensions: in terms of secularization, Turkey and Algeria have a higher level but Indonesia and Saudi Arabia have a much lower level; in terms of democratization, Turkey and Indonesia are democracies but Algeria and Saudi Arabia are still very authoritarian; in terms of government orientation, however, Turkey and Saudi Arabia both have an Islamist government but Algeria and Indonesia have a secularist’s one. The purpose of this two-year project is to explore the above fascinating phenomenon through a series of qualitative study and seek to construct a political theory to explain the possibility of democratization in the Muslim society.伊斯蘭民主宗教與政治現代化理論IslamDemocracyReligion and PoliticsModernization Theory