林嘉明2006-07-252018-06-302006-07-252018-06-302003-07-31http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/4880近年因建築技術的發達及生活型態的改 變，人類的活動漸趨室內化，室內微環境 的空氣品質與人類健康的關係愈形密切， 故提出計畫預計分年達成：室內化學物種 與危害鑑定；主要化學危害污染物即時偵 測技術開發並應用於暴露評估；規劃及測 試採樣策略、開發及示範適當的採樣策略。 第一年研究對象為台北市某磚造5 層 樓使用循環式中央空調設備的辦公大樓，隨 機抽樣選取26 間辦公室，於民國91 年10 月至11 月間，使用直讀式儀器即時監測室 內微環境的CO2 、溫度、相對濕度、通風量 及總有機化合物（TVOCs ），其中有6 天併 行監測室外環境。另外使用主動式採樣設備 採集分析各房間空氣中的13 種揮發性有機 物。 結果發現TVOCs 、CO2 ppm 、室溫、 相對濕度等各變項有時序起落的變化。雖然 65 ％的房間的實測通風量均能滿足預期稀 釋CO2 的需求通風量，但是82 ％的辦公室 之溫濕度條件並沒有全日維持在舒適區，而 且CO2 出現蓄積現象，午後各房間之累積係 數在1.4×10 -3 ～6.5×10 -3 min -1 ，人員活動量 大及密度影響室內二氧化碳的濃度。此外， 做為外源性污染指標物的trimethylbenzenes 在室內的濃度可以由通風量解釋42 ％-82 ％。因此認為循環式中央空調因新鮮空氣的 供應不全，無法及時調節室內的溫、濕度以及稀釋CO2 之所需，即使通風量表面上足夠 仍無法提供舒適的環境。 另外，為方便採樣三甲基苯 (trimethylbenzene, TMB)在研究室發展以固 相微萃取纖維( 30 μ m polydimethylsiloxane SPME )進行被動式採樣。在控制的實驗條件 下採26ppm 及52ppm( 1,3.5 - TMB , 1,2,4 -TMB, 1,2,3 – TMB )的混合物參考氣體，然 後熱脫附，GC / MS 進行分析，以測試脫附 條件、採樣率、儲存的穩定性。採樣後以 250 ℃熱脫附1 分鐘，獲得平均採樣率為： 1,3.5-TMB 5.88 ×10 -5 cm 3 /sec ；1,2,4-TMB 6.24 ×10 -5 cm 3 /sec ；1,2,3-TMB 6.14 × 10 -5 cm 3 /sec ，儀器偵測極限接近0.128ng 。儲 存穩定性在乾冰床約為80%可儲放一小 時。認為採樣率穩定，即使在25ppm 的濃 度下，採樣時間低達5 分鐘，纖維仍可以採 集到足夠分析的量。The recent development of architects as well as the change of life style leads human spending more times on indoor activities. As a result, the indoor air is getting concern with human health. Thus this project is aimed at identifying chemical species of indoor air pollutants and their hazard, developing real time sampling technique for major chemical pollutants and its application on exposure assessment, and demonstrating the appropriate sampling strategies for indoor pollutants. In the first year study, twenty-six rooms in a bricked office building of five stories, in which the HVAC system with recirculation of indoor air was equipped, were randomly sampled. During the period between 10/2002 and 11/2002, the microenvironment in each room was monitored on a daily basis by using the real-time direct reading instruments for CO2, temperature, relative humidity, ventilation rate and total volatile organic compounds （TVOCs ）. The outdoor microenvironment in parallel to the indoor environment was also monitored in six rooms. In addition, 13 VOCs were also determined by active sampling incorporated with GC/MS analysis. As results, TVOCs, CO2, temperature, and relative humidity in the indoor microenvironments demonstrated various patterns of diurnal fluctuations. Of 65 ％ rooms, the measured ventilation rates complied with the requirement for diluting CO2 to the level of 650 ppm. But, 82 ％ offices were not able to maintain room temperature and relative humidity at comfortable zone day wide. The cumulative phenomenon of CO2 in a day occurred in several rooms and the cumulative coefficients ranged from 1.4×10 -3 to 6.5×10 -3 min -1 based on the dataset measured in afternoon. The level of CO2 increased with intensity of personal activity and population density in a room. Trimethylbenzenes (TMBs) as indicators of pollutants of outdoor origin positively associated with ventilation rates. In conclusion, HVAC system in the office building with energy conservation mind restricts the fresh air supply so that it cannot efficiently regulate temperature, humidity and CO2 to meet the requirements for health and comfort, even if the ventilation rate by appearance complies with the ventilation requirements. In addition, the SPME fiber of 30 μ m polydimethylsiloxane functioning as a passive sampler was applied to collect the reference TMBs, for thermal desorption and GC/Ms analysis. The optimized condition for thermal desorption, the sampling rates and the storage stability were validated. As samples were desorbed at 250 ℃ for 1 min, the sampling rates in average with coefficient of variance within 10% were 5.88 ×10 -5 cm 3 /sec for 1,3,5 - TMB, 6.24 ×10 -5 cm 3 /sec for 1,2,4 - TMB and 6.14 ×10 -5 cm 3 /sec for 1,2,3 – TMB. The instrument detection limits were close to 0.128 ng. The recovery rates for samples stored at －70 ℃ for an hour were close to 80%. In conclusion, the SPME fiber can collect enough amount of TMB for GC/MS analysis even the sampling time is as short as 5 minutes.application/pdf298102 bytesapplication/pdfzh-TW國立臺灣大學公共衛生學院環境衛生研究所辦公大樓空調二氧化碳通風量揮發性有機化合物固相微萃取三甲基 苯被動式採樣air conditioning of office buildingcarbon dioxideventilation ratevolatile organic compoundstrimethylbenzene (TMB)solid phase microextraction (SPME)passive sampling[SDGs]SDG3[SDGs]SDG7reporthttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/4880/1/912320B002176.pdf