Yu, Tsung-HsienTsung-HsienYuLin, Angela Yu-ChenAngela Yu-ChenLinPanchangam, Sri ChSri ChPanchangamanaHong, Pui-KwanPui-KwanHongyYang, Ping-YiPing-YiYangLin, Cheng-FangCheng-FangLinANGELA YU-CHEN LINWU-SHIUN HSIEHCHENG-FANG LIN2018-09-102018-09-102011456535http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79960840837&partnerID=MN8TOARShttp://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/363138In the present study, the removal mechanisms of four antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, and trimethoprim) and four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen) in immobilized cell process were investigated using batch reactors. This work principally explores the individual or collective roles of biodegradation and bio-sorption as removal routes of the target pharmaceuticals and the results were validated by various experimental and analytical tools. Biodegradation and bio-sorption were found as dominant mechanisms for the drug removal, while volatilization and hydrolysis were negligible for all target pharmaceuticals. The target pharmaceuticals responded to the two observed removal mechanisms in different ways, typically: (1) strong biodegradability and bio-sorption by acetaminophen, (2) strong biodegradability and weak bio-sorption by sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, ibuprofen and naproxen, (3) low biodegradability and weak bio-sorption by sulfamethazine and ketoprofen, and (4) low biodegradability and medium bio-sorption by trimethoprim. In the sorption/desorption experiment, acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole and sulfadimethoxine were characterized by strong sorption and weak desorption. A phenomenon of moderate sorption and well desorption was observed for sulfamethazine, trimethoprim and naproxen. Both ibuprofen and ketoprofen were weakly sorbed and strongly desorbed. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Antibiotics; Bio-sorption; Biodegradation; Immobilized cell bio-carrier process; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs[SDGs]SDG6Batch reactors; Biodegradability; Biodegradation; Cell culture; Cells; Desorption; Bio-carriers; Dominant mechanism; Immobilized cells; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Removal mechanism; Sorption/Desorption; Sulfadimethoxine; Sulfamethoxazole; Antibiotics; antibiotic agent; ketoprofen; naproxen; nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent; paracetamol; sulfadimethoxine; sulfadimidine; sulfamethoxazole; trimethoprim; antibiotics; biodegradation; cell organelle; desorption; drug; experimental study; hydrolysis; immobilization; observational method; pollutant removal; sorption; steroid; volatilization; analytic method; article; batch reactor; biodegradability; biodegradation; biosorption; biotransformation; controlled study; desorption; hydrolysis; immobilized cell; volatilization; waste water managementjournal article10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.045216845722-s2.0-79960840837