葉素玲臺灣大學:心理學研究所廖心怡Liao, Hsin-IHsin-ILiao2010-05-042018-06-282010-05-042018-06-282009U0001-2307200915424900http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/178747注意力指向包含認知與情緒的面向，分別藉由「選擇」和「喜好」所展現。第一系列的研究顯示，注意力指向的選擇機制同時受到刺激特性與目標設定的影響，當探討刺激能否攫取注意力時，必需區分「刺激導引的成分」以及「受目標設定影響」兩者所造成的效果。某些與作業無關的刺激特性，例如顯著性和動態性，確實能夠攫取注意力，但是其攫取效果會受到目標設定的調節；當與目標設定不一致時，其攫取效果會受到抑制而無法展現。本系列研究提出「交互作用模型」顯示：在刺激剛出現時，吾人的注意力主要受到刺激特性的影響而被導引，爾後則由個體目標設定來主導，進而調節由刺激引發的指向選擇。第二系列的研究探討兩種不同喜好（偏好熟悉人臉或新奇風景圖片）的內在機制，以及注意力指向在其中所扮演的角色。雖然兩種不同喜好的內在機制不同，但是注意力指向均扮演重要角色；指向與喜好的選擇相互增強，顯示指向選擇的認知功能與情緒的喜好判斷密不可分。Orienting has both cognitive and emotional aspects which can be revealed by selection and preference, respectively. In the first part of this study, we investigate of how the selection occurs and propose an interactive model in which both stimulus-driven properties and top-down controls interact with each other to determinate the final selection. Certain kinds of stimulus properties such as salience or transient changes can elicit stimulus-driven activation to capture attention. However, the activation can be modulated by top-down controls. The interactive model differentiates the two components of orienting, involuntary and voluntary, and further helps to solve the discrepancy in the literature of attentional capture. In the second part of this study, we investigate two principles of memory in preference, preference for familiar faces and novel natural scenes, and how orienting plays a role in-between. Although different mechanisms of the two kinds of preferences are suggested by series of studies, orienting indeed contributes to preference. A positive feedback loop between selection and preference is suggested which implies a close linkage between cognition and emotion by orienting.Chapter 1. Introduction 1hat is orienting? 1vert vs. covert orienting 2oluntary vs. involuntary orienting 5ognitive vs. emotional aspect of orienting 6mplicit processes 9oal and overview of this study 11hapter 2. Part I: Involuntary orienting as revealed by attentional capture 13timulus-driven capture hypotheses 13ontingent capture hypothesis 15n the generality of the contingent capture hypothesis 16he interactive model purposed in this study 17verview of Part I 18xperiment 1: Asymmetry of onset and color in attentional capture 19xperiment 1A: Onset cue, color target 20xperiment 1B: Onset cue, color target 24xperiment 1C: Color cue, onset target 27eneral discussion of Experiment 1 29xperiment 2: Top-down modulation on stimulus-driven orienting 30xperiment 2A: Set size four 31xperiment 2B: Set size eight 36eneral discussion of Experiment 2 39xperiment 3: A subliminal onset cue captures attention 41xperiment 4: A subliminal color cue cannot capture attention 44eneral discussion of Part I: Cognitive aspect of orienting 48he interactive model: Stimulus-driven orienting 49he interactive model: Top-down modulation 51hapter 3. Part II: Orienting and preference 55amiliarity vs. novelty preference 55he gaze cascade effect 56he role of orienting in familiarity vs. novelty preference 57verview of Part II 58xperiment 5: Determinant of familiarity vs. novelty preference 59xperiment 5A：Depth of process 60xperiment 5B：Nature of the task 63eneral discussion of Experiment 5 65xperiment 6: Orienting, and familiarity vs. novelty preference 66xperiment 7: Effect of short exposure duration 70eneral discussion of Part II: Emotional aspect of orienting 73rienting contributes to preference 74hy do we prefer familiar faces and novel natural scenes? 75hapter 4: General discussion 79nteraction between involuntary and voluntary orienting 79mplicit processes 80rienting: From cognition to emotion 82eferences 84igures 97application/pdf1673522 bytesapplication/pdfen-US注意力攫取突現顏色眼動凝視瀑布效果attentional captureonsetcoloreye movementgaze cascade effecthttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/178747/1/ntu-98-F91227005-1.pdf