2008-08-012024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/694385摘要：在第三波民主化浪潮中，許多新興民主國家面臨了制度選擇的歷史時刻。在選舉制度的選擇上，不僅是新興民主國家，包括許多民主先進國冢（例如義大利、紐西蘭、日本），都不約而同地選擇了混合式選舉制度。到了二十一世紀初，全球已有超過三十個國家在其國會選舉中使用混合式選舉制度。自從二十世紀初有大量歐洲國家捨棄多數決制改採比例代表制以來，二十世紀末的這一波採行混合式選舉制度的浪潮，儼然已成為世界性選制改革的主流趨勢。 然而在2005 年，義大利捨棄了實施了十二年之久的混合制，而改回比例代表制。2007 年底，俄羅斯廢除了實施十四年之久的混合制，而改採全新的比例代表制。除此之外，泰國於2007 年底亦變革了自1997 年修憲以來的單一選區/比例代表混合制，改採比例代表性比較高的中選區/比例代表並立制。本研究計畫感興趣的是：這三個國家為何要重新選擇選舉制度？是那些因素促成了選制變遷？混合制為何失敗？又為何最後的新選制會是比例代表制？這是否意味著混合制已逐漸「退潮」？本研究計畫將採行新制度論的研究途徑，試圖針對前述問題進行初步的探索。<br> Abstract: The selection of an electoral system has profound impact to a country. In the third wave of democratization in the late 20th century, many new democracies were confronted with the historical moment of institutional design. Regarding the choice of electoral system, not only new democracies, but also advanced democratic countries (e.g. Italy, New Zealand, and Japan) coincidentally picked mixed electoral systems as their electoral reform. In the early 21st century, there are more than 30 countries that have employed mixed electoral systems for their legislative elections. The choice of mixed electoral system seems to be the mainstream of the worldwide electoral reform. Nevertheless, Italy abandoned her 12-year-long mixed electoral system in 2005, and returned to the proportional representation system. In the end of 2007, Russia abolished her 14-year-long mixed electoral system, and implemented a brand-new proportional representation system. And also in the end of 2007, Thailand revised her mixed system (single-member district) to a medium-size district, mixed electoral system. Why did these three countries redesign their electoral systems? What kind of factors promoted electoral system change? Is it a failure of mixed electoral systems? Or is it an ebb-tiding of mixed systems? The goal of this study is to investigate the phenomena by employing the new institutionalism approach, and to attempt to provide the rationale of electoral system change.混合式選舉制度義大利俄羅斯泰國新制度論選制變遷Mixed electoral systemItalyRussiaThailandNew InstitutionalismElectoral system change