臺灣近海二氧化碳的捕獲、轉化、封存及再利用之研究：生物幫浦(1/2)

2011-01-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/699502摘要：海洋是自然界中最大的碳貯藏庫，生物幫浦作用對大氣CO2 濃度的改變起著重要的控制作用，海洋沉積物和生物中的無機和有機碳都是捕獲和封存CO2 的形式。臺灣近海水域面積大，海洋生質條件好，海洋減碳是一種不可忽視地方式。臺灣近海每年進入到沉積物和生物殼體中的碳通量是多少？如何追蹤？能否催化藻類鈣化的速率？ CO2是否是全球升溫的元兇？海洋酸化對CO2 釋放的影響如何？能否將養殖漁業與減碳相結合，發展、改變這類產業結構？這些問題需要我們做目標導向性的基礎研究來回答。去年的計畫中，我們在台南二仁溪設置牡蠣養殖試驗場，掌握了牡蠣的生長速率和對重金屬的吸收能力，估算了臺灣每年貝類養殖所產生的碳酸鈣殼體重量為至少為355,213 公噸。相當於10,333 公頃人造森林的減碳，或者2,687 公頃的螺旋藻池的減碳功能。三個航次的取樣以及對已有岩芯的分析，使我們初步估算了全臺灣200 公尺以上水深區域每年儲藏1 億公噸無機碳和0.75 億公噸有機碳。在對藻類的研究中，我們已經可以培養與繁殖鈣板藻，並對樣品的DNA 和碳同位素進行鑒定分析，取得重大突破。在100 和101 年度計畫中，我們將按照已有的四個子計畫所擬定的方案繼續執行，在總結過去一年的經驗和成果中，完善和調整方法，儘量使研究成果產業化。<br> Abstract: As ocean is the largest carbon storage in nature, the biological pump in the ocean has been played an important role in regulating atmospheric CO2. Organic and inorganic carbons in marine sediments and organism shells are one way of the carbon sequestration. The ocean has been absorbed 1/3 of the fossil CO2 since 1900, if without such absorption, the green gas effect would be much worse. Taiwan has large ratio of coastal/country areas with excellent conditions for biomass productivity. Therefore, it is very important to explore the possibility of oceanic CO2 sequestration throughout biological pump. This project aims to understand the questions: (1) what are the carbon fluxes into sediments and organism shells in the coastal Taiwan? (2) Is there any way to speed up the rate of calcification through phytoplankton? (3) Can we trace the process of biological carbon fixing? (4) Was global warming leading CO2 rising or the effect of CO2 rising during the past? (5) How does the ocean acidify caused by the fossil CO2 affect the biological pump at the present? (6) Can we enhance the oceanic CO2 sequestration through cultured fishing industry such as increasing oyster production? These questions need to be answered by carrying out orientated basic research studies like our proposed one. This proposed project is the continuation of the funded project last year which intergrades four sub-proposals, including (1) Study of carbon fluxes through the biological pump in the coastal ocean of Taiwan; (2) Geochemistry and isotope studies on the biological pump process in the coastal ocean of Taiwan: Tracing carbon fixture of biological productivity; (3) The late Quaternary marine CO2 concentrations and SSTs reconstructed by δ13C and Uk37 in planktonic foraminifer and coccolithophores: Evidence for biological pump controlling atmospheric CO2; and (4) A Study on desaturation of aliphatic chains of alkane in marine phytoplankton. The main outputs from the last year are: (A) Study on the cultured oyster experimental site allows us to obtain the growth rates of the oyster and absorption of heavy metals in the oysters. (B) The estimation of shell production in Taiwan’s cultured fishery is >> 355,213 tons, which is equivalent to CO2 sequestration of 10,333 hectares man-made forest or 2,687 hectares algae pond. (C) Sampling and analyses from the three cruises and previous sediment cores provide us the fundamental data for calculation of carbon fluxes in the studying area as well as whole coastal Taiwan. The net storage of inorganic carbon and organic carbon in marine sediments over <200-m water depth of Taiwan are 108 tons and 0.75×10e8 tons every year, respectively. (D) We are able to culture coccolithophores and identify them with DNA and carbon isotopes. In the proposed studies for the years of 2011 and 2012, we will continue to pursue the main approaches described in the last year’s proposal with minor modification. The data results to be obtained will help us in understanding the answers for above mentioned questions. The findings will contribute to the government policies in response to the “Kyoto Protocol”.生物幫浦海洋生產&#63882碳匯碳通&#63870臺灣近海同位素古氣候鈣板藻DNABiological pumpOcean productivityCarbon sinkCarbon fluxCoastal ocean of TaiwanIsotopesPaleoclimateCoccolithsDNA臺灣近海二氧化碳的捕獲、轉化、封存及再利用之研究：生物幫浦(1/2)