Wu H.-L.PEI-JER CHENMu J.-J.Chi W.-K.Kao T.-L.Hwang L.-H.Chen D.-S.2021-07-032021-07-0319970042-6822https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984548813&doi=10.1006%2fviro.1997.8743&partnerID=40&md5=fd709e53fc579aafabd6c5b6c98b8963https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/568837Large delta antigen (L-HDAS) of hepatitis delta virus (HDV DV) and small-form hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAS) of helper hepatitis 3 virus have previously been shown to be the minimum components for the assembly of HDV-like particles in mammalian cells. Extending from this finding, we coexpressed L-HDAS and small HBsAg in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study their assembly in yeast cells. The assembly of virus particles from L-HDAg and HBsAS in yeast was demonstrated by their coexistence in the same isopycnic fractions and by the coimmunoprecipitation of L-HDAS with HBsAS using an antibody against HBsAS (anti-HBs). Furthermore, after purification by affinity chromatography with anti-HBs, HDV-like particles with size and morphology similar to those derived from mammalian cells could be visualized by electron microscopy. Mice immunized with yeast-derived HDV-like particles simultaneously acquired antibodies against HBsAg and HDAg, indicating that both viral proteins are antigenic. The results indicated that S. cerevisiae could serve as a host for the assembly of HDV-like empty particles. This system may be useful in investigating cellular processes involved in HDV assembly and in producing ample amount of HDV-like particles for structural and immunological studies.[SDGs]SDG3affinity chromatography; article; controlled study; electron microscopy; Hepatitis delta virus; immunoprecipitation; nonhuman; priority journal; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; virus assembly; virus particle; yeast cell; Delta virus; Hepatitis delta virus; Mammalia; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A (L1)journal article10.1006/viro.1997.874393252452-s2.0-84984548813