Dayan PANGELA YU-CHEN LIN2022-11-162022-11-16200210495258https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898965609&partnerID=40&md5=d17225a2c957a3c8bf787e62b5aeb469https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/625550Acetylcholine (ACh) has been implicated in a wide variety of tasks involving attentional processes and plasticity. Following extensive animal studies, it has previously been suggested that ACh reports on uncertainty and controls hippocampal, cortical and cortico-amygdalar plasticity. We extend this view and consider its effects on cortical representational inference, arguing that ACh controls the balance between bottom-up inference, influenced by input stimuli, and top-down inference, influenced by contextual information. We illustrate our proposal using a hierarchical hidden Markov model.Animal studies; Contextual information; Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model; Top-down inference; Plasticityconference paper2-s2.0-84898965609